Kenya (2013): TRAC measuring condom use and concurrency among men and women aged 15-49 years in rural and urban Kenya. Round 7.

Significance/Background: Kenya has made significant progress in the fight against HIV; however, as evidenced from the Modes of HIV Transmission Study (MoT) in 2008, and Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) in 2007, it still faces major challenges ahead. Although HIV prevalence seems to have stabilized, new HIV infections are at a high of 166,000 annually. More evidence shows that use of condoms and reduction of partners play a vital role in keeping the new infections at a low. The Government of Kenya has developed different policies to address the reductions of new infections. PSI/Kenya has developed an evidence-based, HIV prevention campaign that addresses the two components. In order to inform this campaign, PSI/Kenya, with funding from DfID, plans to implement a national household survey among men and women aged 15-49 years in Kenya. Research Objectives We aim in this study to provide national level monitoring data on consistent and correct condom use, multi-partnering with specific emphasis on concurrency, and uptake of HIV testing and counseling. Methodology: This study proposes a cross-sectional survey that shall collect data from 47 counties of Kenya between August and September 2013. Using the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics Sampling frame, this survey proposes a two stage cluster sampling design to randomly sample 6001 men and women aged 15-49 years who had had sex within the last 12 months preceding the survey. A team of research assistants will do the electronic data collection from IPSOS Kenya with PSI offering quality control and assurance. With aid of SPSS version 20, descriptive analysis will be used to determine the point prevalence of the behaviourial indicators. Possible factors associated w ith the behaviourial indicators mentioned within the objectives will be determined using factorial analysis of variance and ordered logistic regression. Ethical Consideration The investigators will implement the survey upon receipt of ethical approval from Kenya National Hospital/University of Nairobi Ethical Review Committee and Population Services International Research Ethics Committee. The survey shall abide to the international guidelines on protection of human subjects. The investigators will disseminate the findings both nationally and regionally upon completion of the study.