Mean ± standard error (SE) of each physiological trait under the control and salt treatment and the mean ± SD and differentiation coefficient (<i>V</i>st) of the phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) for each physiological trait of <i>Solidago canadensis</i>.

Different small letters on the same line indicate that the difference between the control and salt treatment was significant. The results of two-way ANOVA and the population differentiation coefficient are listed.