Differences in Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition along Two Plume Trajectories from the Yangtze River Estuary to the East China Sea

Analyzing the molecular composition change of dissolved
organic
matter (DOM) during transportation in estuaries can enhance our understanding
of the fate of DOM. However, the impact of hydrologic conditions
resulting from large river plumes on the DOM cycle are less explored,
and previous studies were insufficient to capture the molecular fate
that occur during the transportation process. In this study, we used
a range of bulk and optical techniques, as well as Fourier transform
ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), to determine
the concentration and characteristics of DOM along two trajectories
of downstream plumes of diluted water of the Yangtze (Changjiang)
River estuary (YRE) during the high discharge season. These two plumes
situated along the route of the summer Changjiang diluted water (CDW)
have been identified and named CDW-North (CDW-N) and CDW-South (CDW-S),
respectively. Despite having the same riverine end-member origin,
the turbidity zone in YRE significantly modifies the molecular characteristics
and composition of DOM. The results of FT-ICR MS indicated a spatial
variation of DOM composition in the coastal zone of the two plumes.
The relative intensities of the CHO, CHOS, and CHONS compounds are
negatively correlated with salinity. In addition, the coastal zones
of both CDW-N and CDW-S are characterized by more autochthonous DOM
sources. More CHON compounds in CDW-N are probably due to the production
of autochthonous DOM in offshore waters. The activity of phytoplankton
increased the surface dissolved oxygen level of CDW-N in the coastal
zone. However, the hypoxic zone formed at the bottom of the CDW-N
due to microbial degradation of organic matter and may further benefit
the preservation of CHON compounds. Our study emphasizes that the
characteristics and composition of the estuarine DOM can be significantly
shaped by distinct large river plumes. Furthermore, using FT-ICR MS
in combination with complementary techniques can better assist in
identifying the sources and transformation mechanisms of estuarine
DOM in large river plume-affected systems and provide more valuable
insights into the role of DOM in the estuarine biogeochemical cycle.