Rewetting does not return drained fen peatlands to their old selves

Peatlands, in particular groundwater-fed fens of the temperate zone, have been drained for agriculture, forestry and peat extraction for a long time and on a large scale. Drainage turns peatlands from a carbon and nutrient sink into a respective source, diminishes water regulation capacity at the landscape scale, causes continuous surface height loss and destroys their typical biodiversity. Over the last decades, drained peatlands have been rewetted for biodiversity restoration and, as it strongly decreases greenhouse gas emissions, also for climate protection. With the dataset published here, we quantified restoration success by comparing 320 rewetted fen peatland sites to 243 near-natural peatland sites of similar origin across temperate Europe with regards to biodiversity (vegetation), ecosystem functioning (hydrology, geochemistry) and land cover characteristics based on remote sensing. Vegetation data comes as species-specific cover values. Hydrology data covers on average 2....泥炭地（peatlands），尤其是温带地下水补给型泽沼（fen），长期以来已被大规模疏垦，用于农业、林业及泥炭采掘。疏垦作用将泥炭地从碳汇（carbon sink）与营养盐汇（nutrient sink）转变为对应的碳源与营养盐源，削弱了景观尺度的水文调节能力，引发持续性地表高程损失，并破坏其特有的生物多样性。近数十年来，人们已对疏垦后的泥炭地实施复湿措施，以修复生物多样性；由于该措施可大幅降低温室气体排放，复湿也被用于气候保护。 本研究发布的数据集，通过对比欧洲温带地区320处复湿泽沼泥炭地样点与243处起源相似的近自然泥炭地样点，基于遥感（remote sensing）手段，从生物多样性（植被维度）、生态系统功能（水文、地球化学维度）及土地覆被特征等方面量化了泥炭地复湿修复的成效。 植被数据以物种特异性盖度值的形式呈现。水文数据平均覆盖2……