A harmonised provincial socioeconomic scenario database for China, 1975–2100 (ScenarioX v1.0)

ScenarioX is a harmonised provincial-level socioeconomic scenario database for mainland China, covering the period 1975–2100. The dataset integrates historical observations with scenario-based projections for all 31 provincial-level administrative regions and is designed to support climate mitigation analysis, integrated assessment modelling, energy-system studies, and subnational policy evaluation.ScenarioX organises more than 130 indicators across seven thematic domains: population, economic development, energy systems, urbanisation and settlements, technology and innovation, digitalisation and service demand, and policy and governance. All data series are harmonised to consistent spatial definitions, annual time steps, variable names, and units. Monetary indicators are reported in constant prices, and all processing steps are documented through structured, machine-readable metadata.To support transparent reuse, each dataset is annotated with provenance information, a Tier classification describing data source characteristics and degree of transformation, an uncertainty class indicating dominant uncertainty sources, and a rule-based Data Quality Index (DQI). These descriptors are intended to guide appropriate interpretation and reuse rather than to rank data accuracy.The archived dataset is released as version v1.0 and is deposited here as the authoritative record. In addition to this archival release, the ScenarioX data can be previewed and explored through an open web portal (https://green.ecoaitech.com), which provides basic visualisation and CSV download functions for user convenience. The web portal complements, but does not replace, the archived version hosted on figshare.The dataset accompanies the manuscript “A harmonised provincial socioeconomic scenario database for China, 1975–2100”, submitted to Nature Scientific Data.