Inter-specific competition effect on the germination indices (Gt: Total germination and AS: Cumulative rate of germination), seedling shoot and root length and survival of the native species <i>Malcolmia littorea</i> on both invaded and native soil.

Different letters mean significant difference of 5% between treatments (10/3, 15/2, 20/1 or 25/0 seeds/ramets).*: indicates significant difference of 5% between invaded and native soils on each treatment. Numbers in parentheses indicate the standard error. N = 5. Inter-specific competition effect on the germination indices (Gt: Total germination and AS: Cumulative rate of germination), seedling shoot and root length and survival of the native species Malcolmia littorea on both invaded and native soil.