Josephine Baker and Mercedes Baptista: cases of the representations of Black women in dance

ABSTRACT Based on the analysis of the trajectory of two dancers, Josephine Baker and Mercedes Baptista, this article proposes a reflection on the concept of stereotypes as per Stuart Hall. Being Black women, categories were applied to their movements without further depth: for Josephine, there was the identification with primitive dances; for Mercedes, the lack of recognition of a Black body in a leading role in classical dance. The ways in which they dealt with stereotypes and became agents of their bodies, and the marks they left in the western society will be the objects of analysis.摘要：本文基于对两位舞者约瑟芬·贝克（Josephine Baker）与梅赛德斯·巴普蒂斯塔（Mercedes Baptista）职业生涯轨迹的分析，围绕斯图尔特·霍尔（Stuart Hall）提出的刻板印象（stereotype）概念展开反思。作为黑人女性，外界对二人的肢体动作直接套用刻板分类，未做深入探讨：针对约瑟芬，外界将其舞蹈表现与原始舞划上等号；针对梅赛德斯，古典舞领域始终未能认可黑人舞者担任主角的身份。本文的分析对象涵盖二人应对刻板印象、成为自身身体表达主体的路径，以及她们为西方社会留下的印记。