Comparative population genomics of Arctic sled dogs reveals a deep and complex history

Recent evidence demonstrates genomic and morphological continuity in the Arctic ancestral lineage of dogs. Here, we use the Siberian Husky to investigate the genomic legacy of the northeast Eurasian Arctic lineage and model the deep population history using genome-wide SNPs. Utilizing ancient dog calibrated molecular clocks, we found that at least two distinct lineages of Arctic dogs existed in ancient Eurasia at the end of the Pleistocene. This pushes back the origin of sled dogs in the northeast Siberian Arctic with humans likely intentionally selecting dogs to perform different functions and keeping breeding populations that overlap in time and space relatively reproductively isolated. In modern Siberian Huskies, we found significant population structure based on how they are used by humans, recent European breed introgression in about half of the dogs that participate in races, moderate levels of inbreeding, and fewer potentially harmful variants in populations under strong selectio..., , , # Comparative population genomics of Arctic sled dogs reveals a deep and complex history **[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8gtht76w4](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8gtht76w4)** This dataset contains the SNP genotype data in *Plink* ped and map format. ## Description of the data and file structure The dataset in these files contains the SNP genotype data for the canids used in this study including Alaskan sled dog (heritage, distance and sprint), Siberian Husky (Pet, Racing, Seppala, Show and Sled-Show), Alaskan Malamute, Chukotka Sled Dog, Greenland sled dog, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Saluki, Samoyed, German Shorthaired Pointer, North American Grey Wolf, and three ancient canids (Zhokhov dog, Port au choix pre-contact dog, and Yana wolf). The QC.ped and QC.map files includes the 124905 variant dataset that has been filtered and pruned for to remove variants with missing call rates above 1%, individuals missing more than 33% genotype data, minor allele frequencies below 1%,...最新研究证据表明，犬类北极祖先支系存在基因组与形态学上的连续性。本研究以西伯利亚哈士奇（Siberian Husky）为研究对象，探究东北欧亚北极支系的基因组遗产，并基于全基因组单核苷酸多态性（genome-wide SNPs）构建深层种群历史模型。借助经古代犬类校准的分子钟，我们发现更新世末期的古欧亚大陆至少存在两支截然不同的北极犬支系。这一发现将东北西伯利亚北极地区雪橇犬的起源时间大幅提前，暗示人类可能曾有意识地选育承担不同功能的犬只，并维持时空重叠但生殖隔离相对独立的繁育种群。在现代西伯利亚哈士奇种群中，我们发现了基于人类使用用途的显著种群结构：约半数参赛赛犬存在近期欧洲犬种的基因渐渗，种群近交程度中等，且经强烈选择的种群中潜在有害变异数量更少…… # 北极雪橇犬的比较种群基因组学研究揭示了深厚且复杂的演化历史 **[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8gtht76w4](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8gtht76w4)** 本数据集包含Plink ped与map格式的单核苷酸多态性基因型数据。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 本文件中的数据集包含本研究所用犬科动物的单核苷酸多态性基因型数据，涉及的类群包括阿拉斯加雪橇犬（传统型、耐力型、短跑型）、西伯利亚哈士奇（宠物级、竞速型、塞帕拉系、展示型、雪橇展示型）、阿拉斯加马拉穆特犬、楚科奇雪橇犬、格陵兰雪橇犬、金毛寻回犬、德国牧羊犬、萨路基犬、萨摩耶犬、德国短毛指示犬、北美灰狼，以及3支古代犬科类群（佐霍夫犬、波托肖接触前犬、亚纳狼）。 QC.ped与QC.map文件包含经过过滤与修剪的124905个变异位点数据集，该数据集已剔除缺失检出率高于1%的变异、基因型数据缺失率超过33%的个体，以及次要等位基因频率低于1%的变异……