Anxiety and higth depression in social work students

For its application, the Microsoft 365® Forms platform was used, following the parameters of the test through the voluntary self-report of each participant. A non-probabilistic sample criterion was used, for convenience, with the voluntary participation of undergraduate and graduate students from the School of Social Work, Industrial University of Santander, Colombia, achieving a total of 160 effective applications. Five composition variables are included: year of application, level of education, sex, health status and economic situation in the last month. These variables serve as a resource for the significance tests of the results of both scales. The processing of the information was carried out by validating the data once the criticism of the information was made from an Excel format, migrating the results to a statistical software (IBM-SPSS®). For the final qualification of the levels of anxiety and depression, the cut-off points established in the literature of validation of the scales were used (Campo-Arias, Díaz-Martínez, Rueda-Jaimes, & Barros Bermúdez, 2005), which allow evaluating the level in an ordinal variable: Within normal, minimum, moderate and extreme. The participants were previously informed of both the academic exercise and the global analysis of the results without compromising identity, accepting informed consent. In addition, individual results were delivered when participants requested it, complying with the basic ethical aspects of the research. The Zung scale consists of a questionnaire of 20 items on an ordinal scale from Never or Rarely, Sometimes, Many Times and Almost Always or Always and the rating of the response depends on the positive or negative sense of the item. Anxiety questions cover a wide variety of expressions of emotional disorders. In the case of the Depression scale, which is rated in a similar way, it refers to a set of symptoms that take place in the affective field of the subject and can reduce their interaction and social participation, being delicate markers of mental health.

本研究依托Microsoft 365® Forms平台开展数据采集，所有调研数据均基于每位参与者的自愿自我报告，并严格遵循测试设计参数。本研究采用方便抽样的非概率抽样策略，招募哥伦比亚桑坦德工业大学社会工作学院的本科生与研究生自愿参与调研，最终回收有效问卷共160份。本数据集共包含5项背景变量：调研年份、受教育水平、性别、近一个月健康状况及经济状况，上述变量可用于两项量表结果的显著性检验。数据处理环节首先以Excel格式完成数据审核与校验，随后将整理后的数据导入统计分析软件IBM-SPSS®开展后续分析。针对焦虑与抑郁水平的最终分级，本研究采用量表验证性文献中确立的临界值（Campo-Arias、Díaz-Martínez、Rueda-Jaimes及Barros Bermúdez，2005），将测评结果划分为4个有序层级：正常、轻度、中度及重度。调研前，研究人员已向所有参与者说明本次学术调研的内容与结果的整体分析方案，并承诺严格保护其个人身份信息，所有参与者均签署了知情同意书。此外，应参与者要求，研究人员可为其提供个人测评结果，全程严格遵循研究的基本伦理规范。宗氏自评量表（Zung Scale）包含20个条目，采用5级有序计分：从不或极少、有时、经常、几乎总是或总是，计分规则根据条目本身的正负向语义而定。其中焦虑维度条目涵盖情感障碍的多种表现形式；抑郁自评量表采用相同的计分方式，其条目聚焦于个体情感领域出现的一系列症状，此类症状可削弱个体的社交互动与社会参与能力，是反映心理健康状态的敏感指标。