The analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in the infertile population.

This study analyzed the infection status of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in the infertile population, and explored the correlation between CT, MG, NG, UU infections and infertility. A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the results of CT, UU, NG, and MG in patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University from January 2022 to November 2024. Patients initially diagnosed with infertility were classified into the infertility group, while patients with a history of recent pregnancies within the past 3 years were randomly selected as the control group. The infection rates of CT, MG, NG, and UU within different groups were analyzed using the χ2 test.The results showed that a total of 31,975 specimens were collected, with an infection rate of 1.76% for CT, 0.21% for NG, 11.62% for UU, and 1.00% for MG. Among 27,770 cervical exfoliated cell samples from females, the infection rates were 1.83% for CT, 0.17% for NG, 11.47% for UU, and 0.80% for MG. In 4,205 male urethral swab samples, the infection rates were 1.28% for CT, 0.48% for NG, 12.58% for UU, and 2.50% for MG. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates among male, female, and overall populations.In the infertility group, the infection rates were 1.65% for CT, 0.24% for NG, 11.78% for UU, and 2.00% for MG. The infection rates of NG, CT, UU, and MG in the infertility group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences. In the infertility subgroup, the CT and UU infection rates were higher than those in the control group, with statistical significance; the NG infection rate was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance; and the MG infection rate was higher than that in the control group, but without statistical significance.In the subgroups, the infection rates of CT, UU, NG, and MG were higher in the infertility group than in the control group, with statistical significance. The NG infection rate in the female infertility group was lower than that in the male infertility group, without statistical significance. The CT infection rate was higher than that in the male infertility group, with statistical significance; the UU and MG infection rates were lower than those in the male infertility group, with statistical significance.The primary infertility group had higher infection rates of CT, UU, NG, and MG than the secondary infertility group, but without statistical significance. There were differences in the infection rates of NG, CT, UU, and MG among different age groups, with higher detection rates of NG and CT in the ≤20 and 21-30 age groups, indicating higher detection rates in younger age groups. The UU detection rate was higher in the 21-30 age group, and the MG detection rate was higher in the 61-70 age group.In conclusion, the infection rates of CT, UU, NG, and MG are relatively high in the infertile population, suggesting that CT, UU, NG, and MG should be considered as routine screening indicators for infertility and for improving reproductive health.