Near-inertial internal waves funnelled into Taylor caps shape seamount tops, with implications for biodiversity in the deep ocean

Internal waves are energetic and ubiquitous in the ocean and their interactions with submarine topography could drive sediment resuspension and reshape seafloor substrate. However, the mechanisms governing such interactions are largely unknown. Here, using observational data at Pacific deep-sea seamounts, we show how near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) may affect substrate variability and benthic biodiversity via interactions with seamounts. In this dataset, we report in-situ observational data collected from six mooring sites on Caiwei seamount (CS) and Weijia seamount (WS) in the Northwest Pacific. , , Mooring current and hydrological data were collected at two seamounts in the seamount chains in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, the Caiwei seamount (CS) and Weijia seamount (WS). At both guyots, there were three moorings: C1-C3 at the CS and W1-W3 at the WS. Four of them (C1, C2, W1 and W2) were located at the flat summit. Another two moorings, C3 and W3, were at the summit edge. All moorings were equipped with seabird-37 conductivity-temperature-depth sensors (CTDs) and Aanderaa current meters (ACMs) installed below 100 m above the seafloor (Hab &lt; 100 m). The mooring at W1 was also equipped with an upward looking 75KHz acoustic Doppler current profile (ADCP) fixed at depth of ∼400 m, while a downward looking 150KHz ADCP was fixed at Hab = 200 m at C3. Near C3 and W3, there were another two mooring sites equipped with an upward-looking 75KHz ADCP fixed at depths of 370 m and 320 m, respectively. At C3, two moorings had different observation periods but their observations near W3 were..., # Data from: Near-inertial internal waves funnelled into Taylor caps shape seamount tops, with implications for biodiversity in the deep ocean ## Description of the data and file structure Mooring current and hydrological data were collected at two seamounts in the seamount chains in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, the Caiwei seamount (CS) and Weijia seamount (WS). At both guyots, there were three moorings: C1-C3 at the CS and W1-W3 at the WS. Four of them (C1, C2, W1 and W2) were located at the flat summit. Another two moorings, C3 and W3, were at the summit edge. All moorings were equipped with seabird-37 conductivity-temperature-depth sensors (CTDs) and Aanderaa current meters (ACMs) installed below 100 m above the seafloor (*H~ab~* < 100 m). The mooring at W1 was also equipped with an upward looking 75KHz acoustic Doppler current profile (ADCP) fixed at depth of ∼400 m, while a downward looking 150KHz ADCP was fixed at *H~ab~* = 200 m at C3. Near C3 and W3, there were another two ...,内波（Internal waves）在海洋中能量充沛且分布广泛，其与海底地形的相互作用可驱动沉积物再悬浮并重塑海底基底。然而，调控这类相互作用的机制目前仍尚不明晰。本研究利用太平洋深海海山的观测数据，揭示了近惯性内波（Near-inertial internal waves, NIWs）如何通过与海山的相互作用，影响基底多样性与底栖生物多样性。本数据集收录了西北太平洋采薇海山（Caiwei seamount, CS）与魏佳海山（Weijia seamount, WS）共6个锚泊站位的原位观测数据。 锚定海流与水文数据采集自西北太平洋海山链中的两座海山：采薇海山（CS）与魏佳海山（WS）。两座均为平顶海山（guyot），各布设3套锚泊系统：采薇海山为C1-C3，魏佳海山为W1-W3。其中C1、C2、W1、W2共4套锚泊布设于平顶海山的平坦山顶，剩余C3与W3两套布设于山顶边缘。所有锚泊系统均搭载了Seabird-37型电导-温度-深度传感器（Conductivity-Temperature-Depth, CTDs）与Aanderaa型海流计（Aanderaa current meters, ACMs），安装于距海底100米以浅区域（Hab < 100 m）。W1站位的锚泊系统额外搭载了一台固定于约400米水深的上行式75kHz声学多普勒流速剖面仪（Acoustic Doppler Current Profile, ADCP）；C3站位则搭载了一台固定于离底高度200米处的下行式150kHz ADCP。在C3与W3站位附近，另有两套锚泊系统分别搭载固定于370米、320米水深的上行式75kHz ADCP。C3的两套锚泊系统观测周期各异，而W3附近的观测数据为……。# 数据来源：《近惯性内波汇聚于泰勒帽塑造海山顶峰，对深海生物多样性的启示》（Near-inertial internal waves funnelled into Taylor caps shape seamount tops, with implications for biodiversity in the deep ocean） ## 数据与文件结构说明 锚定海流与水文数据采集自西北太平洋海山链中的两座海山——采薇海山（CS）与魏佳海山（WS）。两座平顶海山各布设3套锚泊系统：采薇海山为C1-C3，魏佳海山为W1-W3。其中C1、C2、W1、W2共4套锚泊布设于平坦山顶，剩余C3与W3两套布设于山顶边缘。所有锚泊系统均搭载Seabird-37型电导-温度-深度传感器（CTDs）与Aanderaa型海流计（ACMs），安装于离底高度（Hab）小于100米的区域。W1站位的锚泊系统额外搭载一台固定于约400米水深的上行式75kHz ADCP；C3站位则搭载一台固定于离底高度200米处的下行式150kHz ADCP。在C3与W3站位附近，另有两套……