ABS - Personal Income - Total Income Distribution (SA2) 2015-2016

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2015-2016, and is based on Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).\n\nTotal Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population.\n\nGovernment pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income.\n\nAll monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income.\n\nThe statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18.\n\nPlease note:\n\n * All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.\n\n * To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.\n\n * Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.\n\nFor further information please visit the [Australian Bureau of Statistics](https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/personal-income-australia-methodology/2011-12-2017-18).\n\n AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:\n\n * Spatially enabled the [original data](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-work-hours/personal-income-australia/latest-release#data-download).\n\n * Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.\n

本数据集呈现了总收入分布相关信息。本次数据覆盖2015-2016财政年度，基于2016版澳大利亚统计地理标准（Australian Statistical Geography Standard, ASGS）下的二级统计区域（Statistical Area Level 2, SA2）构建。

总收入指雇员薪酬、非独资企业经营收入、养老金、投资收益及其他收入的总和，且不包含未申报纳税人群体。

澳大利亚统计局（Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS）的收入数据未纳入政府养老金、福利金或津贴，此类收入既不会出现在其他收入类别，也不计入总收入。养老金领取者可能未达到纳税申报收入门槛，或仅领取免税养老金与津贴，因此不会出现在个人所得税数据集当中。根据澳大利亚统计局收入与住房调查（ABS Survey of Income and Housing）的最新估算，该类收入占总收入的比例可达9%至11%。

所有货币价值均尽可能以税前总美元金额呈现。即上述金额反映的是扣除项与亏损前、未征收任何税费或附加费（如医疗保险税或临时预算修复税）前的收入。本次公布的金额均为名义值，未针对通货膨胀进行调整。本次披露的收入已按收入类型分类，此类分类由澳大利亚统计局制定，与该局的收入定义高度契合。

本次披露的统计数据源自关联雇主雇员数据集（Linked Employer Employee Dataset, LEED）——该数据集是基于澳大利亚税务系统行政数据构建的横截面数据库，涵盖2011-12至2017-18连续七年间超过1.2亿条税务记录。

请注意：
* 本次LEED中包含的所有个人所得税统计数据均已完成去标识化处理，未包含家庭住址或出生日期信息。住址已按照ASGS标准完成编码，出生日期在数据提交前已转换为统计基准年6月30日时的实际年龄。
* 为降低汇总统计数据中识别到特定个人的风险，本次披露的统计数据已应用扰动处理。扰动处理指对统计数据进行小幅随机调整，该方法被认为是在最大化可披露信息范围的同时，避免泄露可识别统计信息的最优技术。此类调整对统计数据的核心分布模式影响可忽略不计。部分单元格因计数过低已不予披露。
* 由于基础数据存在缺失或未公开信息，且经扰动处理，总计值可能与其分项之和不完全一致。

如需获取更多信息，请访问[澳大利亚统计局](https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/personal-income-australia-methodology/2011-12-2017-18)。

澳大利亚城市研究基础设施网络（Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network, AURIN）对原始数据进行了如下修改：
* 为[原始数据](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-work-hours/personal-income-australia/latest-release#data-download)添加空间属性。
* 将"np"（为保护个人或企业机密未予公开）值设置为空值（Null）。