The CIITA/MHC-II/NF-κB pathway plays an important role in full activation of TLR4-mediated innate immune response in RAW264.7 macrophage initiated by Giardia duodenalis
We developed a surface-displayed library of 117 human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and over 3000 human AMP variants in a laboratory E. coli strain expressing PhoP and PhoQ from Salmonella Typhimurium
We exposed wild-type Vibrio cholerae E7496, multiple Vibrio cholerae virulence factor deleted genes with intact hemolysin A gene [CVD109] and without hemolysin A gene [CVD110] in E7946, and E.coli OP5
Salmonella enterica are a threat to public health. Current vaccines are not fully effective. The ability to grow in infected tissues within phagocytes is required for S. enterica virulence in systemic
(A) Xcv ΔxopJ with 100 µM MG132 or 1% EtOH (control) were inoculated at a bacterial density of 2×108 cfu ml−1 into leaves of pepper ECW plants. Plant reactions were photographed at 3 d post infection
