黄土高原气温和降水变化趋势数据集（1961-2014年）

利用黄土高原地区52个气象站1961-2014年月气温和月降水资料，采用线性趋势法、累积距平法、Mann-Kendall法和Morlet小波分析等方法，对近54年来黄土高原气候变化和突变现象进行分析。结果表明：1961-2014年黄土高原年平均气温呈上升趋势，在1991年前后发生了由低温到高温的突变。四季均温均呈增加趋势，其中冬季增速最大。年均气温增速较大的地区位于黄土高原北部地区，黄土高原南部地区气温增速较小，变暖速率的空间分布随纬度升高而变大。1961-2014年黄土高原年降水量变化不明显，整体呈波动式下降；其中1961-1970年属于降水偏多的年代，而1991-2000年属于降水偏少的年代。季节降水量呈现不同变化趋势和强度，其中秋季、夏季和春季降水量呈减少趋势，秋季降水减少速率最大，而冬季呈弱增加趋势。年降水量减少速率最大的地区位于黄土高原东南部，而黄土高原西北部降水变化不明显。Morlet小波分析结果表明，黄土高原年平均气温存在4a和7~9a变化周期，黄土高原年降水量存在5~7a和12~14a变化周期。通过以上分析，近54年黄土高原气候总体呈现暖干化趋势。

Using monthly temperature and precipitation data from 52 meteorological stations across the Loess Plateau during 1961–2014, and employing methods including linear trend analysis, cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall test, and Morlet wavelet analysis, this study analyzed climate change and abrupt change events over the Loess Plateau in the past 54 years. The results indicate that: From 1961 to 2014, the annual average temperature over the Loess Plateau exhibited an upward trend, with an abrupt shift from low-temperature to high-temperature around 1991. All four seasonal average temperatures showed increasing trends, with the largest growth rate observed in winter. Regions with higher annual average temperature growth rates are distributed in the northern Loess Plateau, while the southern part has a smaller warming rate; the spatial pattern of warming rate increases with increasing latitude. The annual precipitation over the Loess Plateau showed no significant overall change, presenting a fluctuating downward trend during the study period. Specifically, the 1961–1970 period was a decade with above-average precipitation, while 1991–2000 was a decade with below-average precipitation. Seasonal precipitation displayed varied changing trends and magnitudes: precipitation in autumn, summer and spring showed decreasing trends, with the most pronounced reduction in autumn, whereas winter precipitation exhibited a weak increasing trend. The regions with the largest annual precipitation reduction rates are located in the southeastern Loess Plateau, while precipitation changes in the northwestern part are insignificant. Results from Morlet wavelet analysis show that the annual average temperature over the Loess Plateau has 4-year and 7–9-year variation cycles, while the annual precipitation has 5–7-year and 12–14-year variation cycles. Based on the above analyses, the climate of the Loess Plateau has generally shown a warm-drying trend over the past 54 years.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于黄土高原地区52个气象站1961-2014年的月气温和月降水资料，采用多种统计方法分析气候变化趋势。结果显示，近54年来黄土高原年平均气温显著上升，尤其在1991年前后发生由低温到高温的突变，而年降水量整体呈波动式下降，气候呈现暖干化趋势。数据集覆盖空间范围34-42°N，100-114°E，适用于古地理学和陆地表层研究。