Joint Engagement in the Home Environment is Frequent, Multi-modal, Timely, and Structured

Subset of data drawn from parent volume (https://nyu.databrary.org/volume/563) of 13-month-old crawling infants and 13-, 18-, 23-month-old walking infants during natural activity in the home with caregivers. Infants develop in a social context, surrounded by knowledgeable caregivers who scaffold learning through shared engagement with objects. However, researchers have typically examined joint engagement in structured tasks, where caregivers sit near infants and display frequent, prompt, and multimodal behaviors around the objects of infant action. Which features of joint engagement generalize to the real-world? Despite the importance of joint engagement for infant learning, the critical assumption that joint engagement occurs in everyday interactions remains unexamined. We investigated behavioral and temporal features of joint engagement in the home environment, where objects for play abound and dyad proximity fluctuates. Infant manual actions, mother manual and verbal behaviors, and dyad proximity were coded frame-by-frame from 2-hour naturalistic recordings of 13-to-23-month-old infants and their mothers (N=38). Infants experienced rich, highly structured, multimodal mother input around the objects of their action. Specifically, joint engagement occurred within seconds of infant action and was amplified in the context of interpersonal proximity. Findings validate lab-based research on characteristics of joint engagement while highlighting unique properties around the role of mother-infant proximity and temporal structuring of spontaneous caregiver input over extended time frames. Implications for the social contexts that support infant learning and development are discussed. Available under materials are coding manuals for transcription and infant object play coding developed as part of the Play & Learning Across a Year project (http://www.play-project.org; http://doi.org/10.17910/b7.876)