Supplementary Material for: Exploring Smartphone App use in older adults with a chronic respiratory disease: ‘The biggest problem I have is I don't understand my phone at all.’

Introduction: In older people with a chronic respiratory disease, we explored; (i) usual Smartphone Application (App) use, (ii) the time taken to download and use an App and (iii) changes in self-efficacy for downloading an App after a single practice session. Methods: Participants were invited to attend one or two separate assessment sessions (Part A and B). Those who attended Part A had data pertaining to their App usage over the previous week extracted from their Smartphone. Those who attended Part B were asked to download and use a pedometer App and ‘think out loud’ during the task. Before and after the task, participants rated their self-efficacy for downloading an App using a Visual Analogue Scale (0-10). Results: Twenty-seven participants (mean±SD 74±5 years) completed Part A. Commonly used Apps related to communication (e.g. texting; median [interquartile range] 15 [9 to 25] min/day) and interest (e.g. news; 14 [4 to 50] min/day). Fifteen participants completed Part B (mean±SD 73±7 years). The median time taken to download and use the App was 24 [22 to 37] min. The ‘think out loud’ data converged into four domains: (i) low self-efficacy for using and learning Apps; (ii) reliance on others for help; (iii) unpleasant emotional responses and (iv) challenges due to changes associated with longevity. Self-efficacy increased by 4 (95% CI 3 to 6). Conclusion: This population used Apps mainly to facilitate social connection. It took participants almost half an hour to download and use an App, but a single practice session improved self-efficacy.引言：本研究针对患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的老年人群，开展了三项探究：(i) 智能手机应用程序（Smartphone Application, App）的日常使用情况；(ii) 下载并使用一款应用程序所需的时长；(iii) 单次实操练习后，受试者在下载应用程序方面的自我效能感变化。 研究方法：招募受试者参与单次或两次独立的评估环节（环节A与环节B）。参与环节A的受试者，将提取其近一周内的智能手机应用使用相关数据。参与环节B的受试者则需下载并使用一款计步器应用，并在操作过程中进行有声思维。在操作前后，受试者均需通过视觉模拟量表（Visual Analogue Scale, 0~10分）对自身下载应用程序的自我效能感进行评分。 研究结果：共有27名受试者完成环节A，平均年龄±标准差为74±5岁。受试者日常高频使用的应用集中于通讯类（如短信类应用，日均使用时长中位数[四分位间距]：15[9~25]分钟）与兴趣类（如新闻类应用，14[4~50]分钟/天）。另有15名受试者完成环节B，平均年龄±标准差为73±7岁。受试者下载并使用该应用的中位时长为24[22~37]分钟。对有声思维的记录数据进行归纳后，可分为四大维度：(i) 对使用与学习应用程序的自我效能感偏低；(ii) 依赖他人提供协助；(iii) 产生不愉快的情绪反应；(iv) 因衰老相关机体变化而遭遇操作障碍。受试者的自我效能感评分提升了4分（95%置信区间：3~6）。 研究结论：该受试人群主要通过应用程序维系社交联结。受试者下载并使用一款应用程序耗时近半小时，但单次实操练习即可有效提升其自我效能感。