Monitoring of the Personal Breathing Zone of Response workers for chemicals and oil mists from April 2010 to January 2012

In support of DWH Response activities, industrial hygiene data were collected to monitor worker health. The industrial hygiene data included in this publication includes the results of personal breathing zone samples collected by BP and its contractors to assess an individual’s potential exposure to airborne chemicals during the response. BP worked closely with the Unified Area Command (UAC) to identify, evaluate, and prevent or reduce worker exposure to oil and response chemicals using administrative and/or engineering controls, as well as other methods. For certain response activities, appropriate types of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as Tyvek® suits and/or respirators, were worn to prevent exposure. In addition to implementing exposure controls, BP also implemented an extensive air monitoring program to evaluate worker exposure to oil and chemicals. The associated data files for this posting include samples collected from workers while conducting different types of response activities, including: • Offshore Vessels – Samples were collected on response workers and vessel crew that were involved with source removal activities such as containment and recovery, dispersant application, or in-situ burning of oil. • Nearshore Vessels – Samples were collected on response workers and vessel crew that were involved with activities such as boom handling, oil skimming, or scientific research. • Beach – Samples were collected on workers performing shoreline cleanup operations. • Decontamination – Samples were collected on workers involved with decontamination of equipment and vessels. Sampling of offshore response workers continued through September 2010, until the MC252 well was permanently plugged and sealed (i.e., September 19, 2010). Sampling of response workers in decontamination areas, nearshore and beach environments continued through February 2012. The personal breathing zone samples were collected for the purpose of evaluating worker exposure for the industrial hygiene program. The personal breathing zone samples were analyzed for the following parameters: • Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). Approximately 33,000 personal breathing zone samples and field blanks were analyzed for BTEX and the results were compared to occupational exposure limits. • Total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or total hydrocarbons (THCs). Approximately 32,700 personal breathing zone samples and field blanks were analyzed for total VOCs or THCs. • Cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, and trimethylbenzenes. Results are available for approximately 4,200 personal breathing zone samples and field blanks. • 2-Butoxyethanol. The data file contains 2- butoxyethanol results for 1,168 personal breathing zone samples and field blanks. • Gravimetric oil mist. Sampling for oil mist was generally conducted on workers involved with power washing of boom or vessels at onshore decontamination sites. Two types of oil mist samples were collected during decontamination activities; some samples were collected for analysis of oil mist as total particulates and some samples were collected for analysis of oil mist as thoracic particulates. A separate data file contains gravimetric oil mist results for 546 samples. • Limonene. The data file contains limonene results for 279 samples and field blanks. • Acetone and 2-butanone (also known as methyl ethyl ketone). These are VOC constituents of vinyl cements used for boom repair. The data file contains acetone results for 9 samples and 2-butanone results for 5 samples. • Propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a constituent of two dispersants (Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527) used during the response. The data file contains propylene glycol results for 14 samples and field blanks. • Over 32,000 personal breathing zone samples and field blanks were collected using passive dosimeters or OVMs. Approximately 546 samples were collected for gravimetric oil mist analysis by drawing air through a 2-micron Teflon® filter cartridge with a personal sampling pump. Approximately 50 samples were collected by drawing air through charcoal sorbent tubes with personal sampling pumps and then analyzed for BTEX, total hydrocarbons, and 2-butoxyethanol. Approximately 14 samples were collected for propylene glycol analysis using an OVS-7 tube.为支持DWH响应活动，研究人员采集了工业卫生数据以监测作业人员健康状况。本出版物收录的工业卫生数据包含英国石油公司（BP）及其承包商采集的个人呼吸带样本检测结果，用于评估响应行动期间作业人员暴露于空气传播化学品的潜在风险。BP与统一区域指挥部（Unified Area Command, UAC）密切协作，通过管理控制、工程控制及其他手段，识别、评估并预防或降低作业人员暴露于溢油及响应作业相关化学品的风险。针对特定响应作业，作业人员会穿戴适当的个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment, PPE），如Tyvek®防护服和/或呼吸面罩，以避免暴露。除落实暴露控制措施外，BP还推行了全面的空气监测计划，以评估作业人员暴露于溢油及化学品的情况。 本次发布的关联数据文件包含开展不同类型响应作业的作业人员样本，具体包括： • 近海船舶：采集参与源移除作业的响应人员及船舶船员样本，作业内容涵盖围控与回收、消油剂喷洒、原位燃油等。 • 近岸船舶：采集参与围油栏操控、溢油回收、科学研究等作业的响应人员及船舶船员样本。 • 海滩：采集开展岸线清理作业的人员样本。 • 洗消作业：采集参与设备与船舶洗消作业的人员样本。 近海响应人员的采样工作持续至2010年9月，直至MC252油井被永久封堵密封（即2010年9月19日）。洗消区域、近岸及海滩环境的响应人员采样工作则持续至2012年2月。 个人呼吸带样本的采集旨在为工业卫生项目评估作业人员暴露风险，针对此类样本开展了以下参数的检测： • 苯、甲苯、乙苯及二甲苯（BTEX）：共对约33000份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本进行BTEX检测，并将检测结果与职业接触限值进行比对。 • 总挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs）或总烃类（Total Hydrocarbons, THCs）：共对约32700份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本开展总VOCs或THCs检测。 • 环己烷、正庚烷、正己烷、四氢呋喃及三甲基苯：约4200份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本具备该类物质的检测结果。 • 2-丁氧基乙醇：数据文件包含1168份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本的2-丁氧基乙醇检测结果。 • 重量法油雾检测：油雾采样通常针对在岸上洗消场地开展围油栏或船舶高压清洗作业的人员。洗消作业期间共采集两类油雾样本：部分样本用于检测总颗粒物形态的油雾，部分样本用于检测胸颗粒物形态的油雾。另有单独的数据文件包含546份样本的重量法油雾检测结果。 • 柠檬烯：数据文件包含279份样本及现场空白样本的柠檬烯检测结果。 • 丙酮及2-丁酮（又称甲基乙基酮）：此类物质为用于围油栏维修的乙烯基胶粘剂的VOC组分。数据文件包含9份样本的丙酮检测结果及5份样本的2-丁酮检测结果。 • 丙二醇：丙二醇为本次响应行动中使用的两种消油剂（Corexit 9500及Corexit 9527）的组分。数据文件包含14份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本的丙二醇检测结果。 • 超32000份个人呼吸带样本及现场空白样本采用被动剂量计或OVMs进行采集。约546份样本通过个人采样泵将空气抽吸过2微米特氟龙（Teflon®）滤筒，用于重量法油雾分析。约50份样本通过个人采样泵将空气抽吸过活性炭吸附管，随后针对BTEX、总烃类及2-丁氧基乙醇进行检测。另有约14份样本采用OVS-7吸附管采集，用于丙二醇分析。