ASDST Grinding Grooves Pre1750 Model

The Aboriginal Sites Decision Support Tool [ASDST](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/cultural-science/aboriginal-sites-decision-support-tool) extends the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) by illustrating the potential distribution of site features recorded in AHIMS.\r\nASDST was first developed in 2012 by the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) to support landscape planning of Aboriginal Heritage. The Tool produces a suite of raster GIS modelled outputs and is held in Esri GRID format. The first suite was published in 2016 as Version 7 at 100m resolution and in Lamberts Conic Conformal Projection (LCC). The current Version 7.5 was produced by the now Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE) in 2020 at 50m resolution in Geographic Coordinate System (GCS). Each layer covers the extent of NSW. \r\n\r\nThe suite of layers includes separate predictive layers for different Aboriginal site feature types. The feature codes used in layer naming conventions are:\r\n\r\n* ALL = model for all feature types combined \r\n* AFT = predicted likelihood for stone artefacts \r\n* ART = predicted likelihood for rock art \r\n* BUR = predicted likelihood of burials \r\n* ETM = predicted likelihood of western mounds and shell \r\n* GDG = predicted likelihood of grinding grooves \r\n* HTH = predicted likelihood of hearths \r\n* SHL = predicted likelihood of coastal middens \r\n* STQ = predicted likelihood of stone quarries and \r\n* TRE = predicted likelihood of scarred trees. \r\n\r\nThe feature models have been derived in two forms:\r\n\r\n* The first form (“p1750XXX” where XXX denotes three letter feature code) predicts likelihood of feature distribution prior to European colonisation of NSW. \r\n\r\n* The second form (“curr_XXX” where XXX denotes three letter feature code) predicts feature likelihood in the current landscape. \r\n\r\nFor both sets of feature likelihood layers, cell values range from 0 – 1000, where 0 indicates low likelihood and 1000 is high likelihood. \r\n\r\nPlease note the scale is likelihood and NOT probability. Likelihood is defined as a relative measure indicating the likelihood that a grid cell may contain the feature of interest relative to all other cells in the layer. \r\n\r\nAdditionally, there are other derived products as part of the suite. These are: \r\n\r\n* drvd_imp = which is a model of accumulated impacts, derived by summing the difference between the pre colonisation and current version of all feature models. Cell values range from 0 – 1000, where 1000 is a high accumulated impact.\r\n\r\n* drvd_rel = which is a model of the reliability of predictions based on an environmental distance algorithm that looks at recorded site density across the variables used in the models.\r\n\r\n* drvd_srv = which is a survey priority map, which considers model reliability (data gap), current likelihood and accumulated impact. Cell values range from 0 – 1000 where 1000 indicates highest survey priority relative to the rest of the layer.\r\n\r\nFor more details see the technical reference on the [ASDST](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/cultural-science/aboriginal-sites-decision-support-tool) website.\r\n\r\nNB. Old layers with a suffix of “_v7” indicate they are part of ASDST Version 7 produced in 2016. The current models (Version 7.5) do not contain a version number in their name and will continue to be named generically in future versions for seamless access.\r\n\r\nUpdates applied to ASDST version 7.5\r\n\r\nFor all ASDST 7.5 data sets, the resolution was increased from a 100m cell to a 50m cell. All data sets were clipped and cleaned to a refined coastal mask. Cell gaps in the mask were filled using a Nibble algorithm. The pre-settlement data sets were derived by resampling the version 7 pre-settlement data sets to 50m cell size. The present-day data sets were derived from the version 7.5 pre-settlement layers and 2017-18 land-use mapping and applying the same version 7 parameters for estimating the preservation of each feature type on each land-use. For version 7.5, the model reliability data set was derived by resampling the version 7 data set to 50m cell size. Accumulated impact and survey priority version 7.5 data sets were derived by applying the version 7 processing algorithm but substituting the version 7.5 pre-settlement and present-day ASDST models.\r\n

原住民遗址决策支持工具（Aboriginal Sites Decision Support Tool，ASDST）<https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/cultural-science/aboriginal-sites-decision-support-tool> 拓展了原住民遗产信息管理系统（Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System，AHIMS）的功能，可可视化展示AHIMS中记录的遗址特征的潜在分布范围。

ASDST于2012年由新南威尔士州环境与遗产办公室（Office of Environment and Heritage，OEH）首次开发，用于支撑原住民遗产的景观规划工作。该工具可生成一系列地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS）栅格建模输出成果，数据存储格式为Esri GRID格式。首套成果于2016年以7.0版本发布，分辨率为100米，采用兰伯特共形圆锥投影（Lamberts Conic Conformal Projection，LCC）。当前的7.5版本由现已更名的规划、产业与环境部（Department of Planning, Industry and Environment，DPIE）于2020年制作，分辨率为50米，采用地理坐标系（Geographic Coordinate System，GCS）。所有图层均覆盖新南威尔士州全域。

该套图层包含针对不同原住民遗址特征类型的独立预测图层。图层命名规范中使用的特征代码如下：
* ALL：所有特征类型组合的模型
* AFT：石制品的预测似然值
* ART：岩画的预测似然值
* BUR：墓葬的预测似然值
* ETM：西部土丘与贝壳遗存的预测似然值
* GDG：磨蚀槽的预测似然值
* HTH：火塘的预测似然值
* SHL：海岸贝丘的预测似然值
* STQ：采石场的预测似然值
* TRE：砍痕树木的预测似然值

上述特征模型分为两种形式：
* 第一种形式命名为“p1750XXX”，其中XXX代表三位特征代码，用于预测新南威尔士州欧洲殖民前的遗址特征分布似然值。
* 第二种形式命名为“curr_XXX”，其中XXX代表三位特征代码，用于预测当前景观环境中的遗址特征分布似然值。

两类特征似然图层的栅格单元格取值范围均为0至1000，其中0代表低似然性，1000代表高似然性。请注意，此处的量纲为似然性而非概率。似然性被定义为一种相对度量指标，用于表征某一栅格单元格包含目标特征的可能性相较于图层中其他所有单元格的相对水平。

此外，该套成果还包含其他衍生产品，具体如下：
* drvd_imp：累积影响模型，通过汇总所有特征模型的殖民前版本与当前版本的差值计算得到。栅格单元格取值范围为0至1000，其中1000代表高累积影响水平。
* drvd_rel：预测可靠性模型，基于环境距离算法构建，该算法会考量模型所用变量中的已记录遗址密度。
* drvd_srv：调查优先级地图，综合考虑了模型可靠性（数据缺口）、当前似然值与累积影响水平。栅格单元格取值范围为0至1000，其中1000代表相较于图层其余区域的最高调查优先级。

更多详情请参阅<https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/our-science-and-research/our-research/cultural-science/aboriginal-sites-decision-support-tool>中的ASDST技术参考文档。

注：带有“_v7”后缀的旧图层属于2016年发布的ASDST 7.0版本。当前的7.5版本模型名称中不包含版本号，未来版本也将采用通用命名方式以实现无缝访问。

ASDST 7.5版本更新内容如下：
针对所有ASDST 7.5数据集，将分辨率从100米栅格单元提升至50米栅格单元。所有数据集均经裁剪与清洗，并采用精细化海岸掩膜进行处理，掩膜中的栅格空白区域通过Nibble算法填充。殖民前数据集通过将7.0版本的殖民前数据集重采样至50米栅格单元尺寸得到。当前景观数据集基于7.5版本的殖民前图层与2017-2018年土地利用制图成果制作，并沿用7.0版本的参数来估算每种特征类型在各类土地利用场景下的保存状况。对于7.5版本，模型可靠性数据集通过将7.0版本的数据集重采样至50米栅格单元尺寸得到。累积影响与调查优先级7.5版本数据集通过沿用7.0版本的处理算法，但替换为7.5版本的殖民前与当前景观ASDST模型计算得到。