CoD.lion.leo

Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. ‘Interspecific - other’ includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). ‘Malnutrition/disease’ includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). ‘Other’ includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. ‘Anthropogenic’ includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.