Seed predation by amazon fish

Our experiment revealed unexpected behavioral strategies involved in seed predation of Mabea fistulifera by fish (Brycon cephalus), including temporal storage of seeds in the stomach followed by regurgitation and reingestion of individual seeds. Larger fish were faster at removing the seed coat and exposing the endosperm, due to precise oral manipulation of seeds.本实验揭示了鱼类（头形脂鲤，Brycon cephalus）取食管状马贝（Mabea fistulifera）种子时所涉及的未曾预料的行为策略，包括将种子暂时性储存在胃内，随后呕出单粒种子并再次取食。凭借对种子的精准口腔操控，体型更大的个体去除种皮、暴露胚乳的速度更快。