Social rank, female competition for food, and behavioural time-budgets in a temperate primate multi-level society

Competition within primate groups often translates to a social hierarchy, with high-rank individuals gaining privileged access to resources, especially food. Golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana live in a multi-level society, with multiple one-male units (OMUs), each containing a single adult male and several females, forming a breeding-band. High-rank males have increased access to high-value foods and spend less time feeding and more time being groomed by females, potentially enhancing social cohesion within their OMUs. The adults of each OMU mainly feed and socialize together, with food competition predominantly acting at the OMU level. We thus predicted that adult females by association attain the rank and feeding privileges of their OMU leader males, and make similar time-budget trade-offs. By food-provisioning a wild breeding-band during winter and spring, when natural foods are abundant or limited, respectively, we found that females of high-rank OMUs ate more provis..., Field study of female-female competition in wild golden monkeys. The effects of seasonality and social rank were tested. Data are arranged in order to be analysed in R using mixed-models., , **Spreadsheet column headings**

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** Foodstack data sheet**

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**This spreadsheet is made up of values taken in spring and winter by recording the same group of monkeys. The values have also been split between two food types, provisioned and natural. This is to enable the comparison of food type and season. However, this results in data from the same individual females being included because measurements were taken from the same monkeys in spring and winter, and because they eat both provisioned and natural food on the same day. These data for the same monkeys have thus been ‘stacked’ on top of each other. This has been accounted for in our statistical analysis by using ‘individual’ as a random factor**

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**‘Day’ of data recording reflects the same ‘date’ in each dataset. ‘Rank’ is the OMU leader male rank at the time the data were recorded.**

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***Column headings and what they mean.***

 

**Number** – row number. To enhance data sorting and management.

 

**Sea...