Supplemental Table S1-S5

All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee and were carried out in accordance with the Sichuan Agricultural University. A In consideration of the dysregulation of BA homeostasis was mainly occurred during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, this study was conducted from day 60 of gestation (G60) till farrowing (L0). VAN group was orally administered with vancomycin (20mg/kg diet), which was mixed with corn starch to 10 gram, from G60 to G114, while the control group (CON) orally received 10 gram corn starch. The feed intake from G60 to G90 was 2.45kg/d and thereafter 3.06kg/d. Blood samples of pregnant sows were collected from precaval vein every 7 to 8 days via catheters implanted at cephalic vein or via ear vein when catheters didn’t work after 12-hours fasting. In consideration of the barely faeces found at L0, maternal faeces were collected at G60, G90 and G105, respectively. Placental tissues, ileum tissues and fetal blood (umbilical cord vein) samples were collected after 8-hours fasting at G60 and G90, respectively, when pregnant swine were laparotomized and under deep isoflurane-induced anesthesia, and during parturition. Primary pig hepatocytes were isolated from 2~5 day old female pigs using 2-step perfusion method with a minor modification. Cell concentration was determined and 1.5 105 per well were plated in 24-well plates or 5 105 per well were plated in 6-well plates. Cells were grown in complete medium containing DMEM medium, 2.5% dextran-coated, charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum. The total BA (TBA) was measured by the enzymatic cycling method assay kits in Model 3100 automatic biochemical analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Bile acids profile was measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Estradiol was measured by estradiol radioimmunoassay KIT according to the manufacturer’s specifications.