Parkes observations for project P1068 semester 2020APRS_34

In the fast-moving world of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), the key question of what fraction (as high as 100%?) of FRBs emit repeat bursts remains unanswered. Of order 10 repeating FRBs are now known, and their spectro-temporal properties hint at differences with apparently non-repeating bursts - but poor statistics preclude a definitive diagnosis. FRB 180301 is a promising source for further study for multiple reasons: it is the first repeating FRB seen by the FAST telescope, and has the second-highest rotation measure ever seen for a FRB (after the original repeater, FRB121102). We request Parkes observations with the UWL to characterise the broadband emission properties of this FRB, with the following key goals: to constrain the repetition rate, identify any variation of pulse characteristics over time, and provide insight into the emission mechanisms. In its initial detection, FRB 180301 was poorly fit by regular Faraday rotation models, and showed significant circular polarization, which may indicate the progenitor is embedded in an extreme magneto-ionic environment with complex field structure that has not been seen before. These observations will generate a large data volume. We will use the Medusa backend in parallel with the Breakthrough Listen data recorder (BL), and will transfer data to BL immediately after observations.These data will be used by P. Kumar to prototype a FRB pipeline for the UWL, that will be made broadly available for similar studies.

在快速射电暴（Fast Radio Bursts, FRBs）快速发展的研究领域中，仍有一个核心问题尚未得到解答：究竟有多大比例（最高可达100%？）的FRB会爆发重复脉冲。目前已知的重复爆发FRB约有10例，它们的光谱-时域特性暗示其与单次爆发FRB存在差异，但由于统计数据不足，无法做出确定性结论。FRB 180301是极具潜力的后续研究对象，原因如下：它是500米口径球面射电望远镜（Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, FAST）发现的首例重复爆发FRB，同时拥有FRB领域迄今观测到的第二高旋转测量值（仅次于首个重复暴FRB 121102）。我们申请使用帕克斯望远镜（Parkes Telescope）结合UWL开展观测，以刻画该FRB的宽频辐射特性，核心目标包括：限定其重复爆发率、识别脉冲特性随时间的变化，以及为辐射机制研究提供新认知。在初始探测中，常规法拉第旋转模型无法很好地拟合FRB 180301的观测数据，且该暴展现出显著的圆偏振特性，这或许表明其前身天体嵌于此前从未观测到的、具有复杂磁场结构的极端磁离子环境中。本次观测将产生海量数据。我们将并行使用Medusa后端与突破聆听（Breakthrough Listen）数据记录仪（BL），并在观测结束后即刻将数据传输至BL。P. Kumar将利用这批数据为UWL开发FRB数据处理流水线原型，该原型将向同类研究团队广泛开放。