MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS IN TEACHING: FROM TRADITIONAL TO DIGITAL

This article examines pedagogical tools that have played a key role in knowledge transfer for centuries and are currently undergoing a qualitative evolution: from traditional printed and visual materials to interactive digital resources and intelligent learning systems. This transformation alters not only the technical capabilities of learning but also the pedagogical logic of interaction between teacher and student. The study reveals the conceptual foundations of integrating digital technologies into the educational process and analyzes leading theoretical approaches (TPACK, SAMR, constructivism, and connectivism ), thereby contributing to the development of scientific understanding of the patterns of digital transformation in education.