Data for “Educational mobility and older adults’ working memory updating ability: association and role of resilience.”

Previous research has found extensive evidence that a low socioeconomic status (SES), including a low parental educational level, during childhood is associated with relatively poor cognitive functioning, specifically executive functions. However, there is a lack of research addressing the questions whether extent of upward educational mobility is associated with working memory updating (WMU) ability, one of the most important components of executive functions, and whether resilience plays a role in this association. The data concern the results of two studies addressing these questions. In Study 1, 180 Chinese older adults with different levels of educational mobility (downward, zero, or upward) performed a task assessing WMU ability. Study 2 examined 130 Chinese older adults who all had experienced upward educational mobility, as defined by a higher education level for the individual than his/her parents. These individuals again performed a WMU task and completed a resilience questionnaire. Study 1 revealed a positive association between extent of educational mobility and performance on the WMU task. Study 2 revealed highly significant associations between WMU task performance, resilience, and degree of upward educational mobility. These results were discussed in terms of possible causal directions of the association between the variables and possible implications for interventions that aim to enhance upward socioeconomic mobility and cognitive functioning at older ages. The data files concern two SPSS data files, one for Study 1 and one for Study 2, containing pre-processed data. The data consist of each participant’s score on the outcome measure for each of the demographic and socioeconomic variables, the resilience questionnaire (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and working memory updating tasks (two versions of a running memory task with different stimulus-presentation times). These scores were used in correlational and regression analyses, and exploratory mediation and modulation analyses, to assess the relation between the educational (mobility) level, resilience, and WMU ability variables, as described in the target article. The meaning of each column in the data file is described under the tap Variable View --> Label. The raw data of the running memory tasks (in eprime format) on which the corresponding pre-processed data are base are available from the corresponding author upon request.既往研究已积累大量证据表明，儿童时期较低的社会经济地位（socioeconomic status, SES）——包括父母受教育水平偏低——与较差的认知功能，尤其是执行功能，存在关联。然而目前仍缺乏相关研究探讨两个核心问题：其一，教育向上流动的程度是否与作为执行功能核心组成部分之一的工作记忆更新（working memory updating, WMU）能力相关；其二，韧性在这一关联中是否发挥作用。本数据集包含两项针对上述问题展开的研究结果。在研究1中，180名不同教育流动程度（向下流动、无流动、向上流动）的中国老年人完成了一项评估工作记忆更新能力的任务。研究2则招募了130名均经历过向上教育流动的中国老年人，该群体的向上教育流动定义为个体受教育水平高于其父母。所有参与者同样完成了工作记忆更新任务，并填写了韧性调查问卷。研究1结果显示，教育流动程度与工作记忆更新任务的表现呈正相关。研究2结果则表明，工作记忆更新任务表现、韧性与向上教育流动程度三者之间存在极为显著的关联。本文针对变量间关联的潜在因果方向，以及旨在提升老年群体社会经济向上流动水平与认知功能的干预措施可能存在的应用价值展开了讨论。本数据集包含两份SPSS格式数据文件，分别对应研究1与研究2，其中均为预处理后的数据。数据内容涵盖每位参与者在各项人口统计学与社会经济变量、康纳-戴维森韧性量表（Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale）以及工作记忆更新任务（两种刺激呈现时长不同的运行记忆任务）上的得分。这些得分被用于相关性分析、回归分析，以及探索性中介与调节分析，以评估教育（流动）水平、韧性与工作记忆更新能力变量间的关联，正如目标文章中所述。数据文件中各列的含义可在"Variable View"（变量视图）的"Label"（标签）栏中查看。对应预处理数据所基于的运行记忆任务原始数据（以Eprime格式存储）可向通讯作者索取。