Evaluation of Manassantin A Tetrahydrofuran Core Region Analogues and Cooperative Therapeutic Effects with EGFR Inhibition

Tumors adapt to hypoxia by regulating angiogenesis, metastatic potential, and metabolism. These adaptations mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) make tumors more aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, HIF-1 is a validated therapeutic target for cancer. In order to develop new HIF-1 inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy by harnessing the potential of the natural product manassantin A, we synthesized and evaluated manassantin A analogues with modifications in the tetrahydrofuran core region of manassantin A. Our structure–activity relationship study indicated that the α,α′-trans-configuration of the central ring of manassantin A is critical to HIF-1 inhibition. We also demonstrated that a combination of manassantin A with an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor shows cooperative antitumor activity (∼80% inhibition for combination vs ∼30% inhibition for monotherapy). Our findings will provide important frameworks for the future therapeutic development of manassantin A-derived chemotherapeutic agents.