Fluid dynamical approaches for designing advanced cathode of solid oxide fuel cells.

To design the composite cathodes for the highly performing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with infiltration process, understanding the motion of the precursor solution in the droplet is important. For revealing the infiltration process, two main subject considering the fluid dynamical approaches were conducted. (1) Motion of fluid inside the droplet (Capillary, and Marangoni flow), and (2) Shape of droplet until end of the evaporation (Pinning, and de-pinning motion). With governing equation of these two representative motions, it could be verified that the drying rate is the one of the dominant factor to control the result morphology of infiltration. We demonstrated the uniformly deposited particles, discretely deposited particles, and concentrated particles at boundaries with low, intermediate, and high drying rate of evaporation.