Intraguild interactions and abiotic conditions mediate occupancy of mammalian carnivores: co-occurrence of coyotes-fishers-martens

The widespread eradication of large carnivores and subsequent expansion of top mesopredators has the potential to impact species and community interactions with ecosystem-wide implications. An example of these trophic dynamics is the widespread establishment of coyotes following extirpation of wolves and mountain lions in eastern North America. Here, we examined occupancy of three carnivores in northern New York considering both environmental/habitat factors and interspecific interactions. We estimated the co-occurrence of coyotes, fishers, and martens from a landscape-scale winter camera trap survey repeatedly annually for three years. Martens occurred independently of both coyotes and fishers, while fisher and coyote displayed positive intraguild interactions that were constant across the landscape. Both marten and fisher first-order occupancy was driven by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, with both species displaying positive associations with forest cover but antithetica..., We conducted camera trap surveys for carnivores from January-March 2016-2018 throughout the Adirondack and Tug Hill regions of northern New York State (Figure S1). The study area is an approximately 32,000 km2 region dominated by contiguous mature stands of deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests along an elevational gradient ranging from 24 – 1448m. We used a stratified random sampling design to select 15-km2 sample units and a standardized methodology across all surveys which included the same 195 sample units in each of the three years (with the exception of 13 sites that were not sampled in 2017). At each site, a camera trap was deployed randomly within the 15km2 grid.  Camera traps were secured to trees approximately 1.0-1.5 m above ground. A bait station was placed on a tree opposite the camera trap and secured to the tree using wire mesh. The bait used varied and included beaver (Castor canadensis), moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), muskrat (Ondatr..., , # Intraguild interactions and abiotic conditions mediate occupancy of mammalian carnivores: co-occurrence of coyotes-fishers-martens

The data stems from a large-scale camera trapping project conducted at for 3-weeks annually at approximately 195 sites over a 3-year period in the Adirondacks and Tug Hill region of New York State, USA. Target species were fisher, marten, and coyote. Camera traps were secured to trees approximately 1.0-1.5 m above ground. A bait station was placed on a tree opposite the camera trap and secured to the tree using wire mesh. The bait used varied and included beaver, moose, white-tailed deer, muskrat, raccoon, cow, and chicken.

## Description of the data and file structure

## The data folder

This folder has ten files.

**1. 7dayoccDetectionscoyoteNZ.csv**

This file contains detection/non-detection data for coyote between the years of 2016-2018 in New York state. 0 is not detected, 1 is detected. Each row is a site, each column is a weekly occasion, each...

大型食肉动物的大范围灭绝以及随之而来的顶级中型食肉动物（top mesopredators）种群扩张，可能会对物种及群落间相互作用产生影响，并引发生态系统级联效应。这类营养级动态（trophic dynamics）的典型案例，是北美东部灰狼与美洲狮局部灭绝后，郊狼的广泛定居。本研究聚焦纽约州北部的三种食肉动物，同时考量环境/生境因子与种间相互作用，分析其占用情况。我们基于三年来每年重复开展的景观尺度冬季红外相机诱捕（camera trap）调查数据，估算了郊狼、渔貂（fisher）与美洲貂（marten）的共现性（co-occurrence）。结果显示，美洲貂的占用情况与郊狼、渔貂均无关联，而渔貂与郊狼则呈现出全景观范围内稳定的正向集团内相互作用（intraguild interactions）。美洲貂与渔貂的一阶占用率（first-order occupancy）同时受生物与非生物因子共同驱动，二者均与森林覆盖度呈正相关，但呈现出对立的……

2016-2018年每年1-3月，我们在纽约州北部的阿迪朗达克（Adirondack）与塔格希尔（Tug Hill）地区开展食肉动物红外相机监测调查（补充图S1）。研究区域总面积约32000平方公里，以连续分布的成熟落叶林、针阔混交林与针叶林为主，海拔跨度为24至1448米。我们采用分层随机抽样设计选取15平方公里的样地单元，所有调查均采用统一方法，三年间共设置195个固定样地（2017年有13个样地未参与采样）。每个样地内，红外相机随机部署于15平方公里网格内的指定位置，固定于距地面1.0-1.5米的树干上。诱饵站设置在与相机相对的树干上，并用铁丝网固定。所用诱饵种类多样，包括河狸（*Castor canadensis*）、驼鹿（*Alces alces*）、白尾鹿（*Odocoileus virginianus*）、麝鼠（*Ondatra*……）……

本数据集源自美国纽约州阿迪朗达克与塔格希尔地区的大规模红外相机诱捕项目，该项目于三年间每年开展为期3周的调查，共覆盖约195个样地，目标物种为渔貂、美洲貂与郊狼。红外相机固定于距地面1.0-1.5米的树干上，诱饵站设置在与相机相对的树干上，并用铁丝网固定。所用诱饵包括河狸、驼鹿、白尾鹿、麝鼠、浣熊、牛与鸡。

## 数据与文件结构说明
### 数据文件夹
该文件夹包含10个文件。
1. **7dayoccDetectionscoyoteNZ.csv**
该文件包含2016-2018年纽约州郊狼的检测/未检测数据，其中0代表未检测到，1代表检测到。每行代表一个样地，每列代表每周的调查时段，……

# 集团内相互作用与非生物条件调控哺乳动物食肉动物的占用率：郊狼-渔貂-美洲貂的共现性