Data from: Contrasting introduction scenarios among continents in the worldwide invasion of the banana fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis

Reconstructing and characterizing introduction routes is a key step towards understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors underlying successful invasions and disease emergence. Here, we aimed to decipher scenarios of introduction and stochastic demographic events associated with the global spread of an emerging disease of bananas caused by the destructive fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis. We analysed the worldwide population structure of this fungus using 21 microsatellites and 8 sequence-based markers on 735 individuals from 37 countries. Our analyses designated South-East Asia as the source of the global invasion, and supported the location of the centre of origin of M. Fijiensis within this area. We confirmed the occurrence of bottlenecks upon introduction into other continents followed by widespread founder events within continents. Furthermore, this study suggested contrasting introduction scenarios of the pathogen between the African and American continents. While potential signatures of admixture resulting from multiple introductions were detected in America, all the African samples examined seem to descend from a single successful founder event. In combination with historical information, our study reveals an original and unprecedented global scenario of invasion for this recently emerging disease caused by a wind-dispersed pathogen.重建并刻画入侵传播路径，是解析成功生物入侵与病害暴发背后生态与演化驱动机制的核心步骤。本研究旨在解析由毁灭性真菌病原菌斐济球腔菌（Mycosphaerella fijiensis）引发的新兴香蕉病害全球扩散过程中，对应的入侵场景与随机种群动态事件。本研究针对采自37个国家的735个菌株样本，利用21个微卫星标记（microsatellites）与8个基于序列的分子标记，对该病原菌的全球种群结构开展了分析。分析结果确定东南亚为本次全球入侵的起源地，同时支持该病原菌起源中心位于该区域内的推论。我们证实，该病原菌在入侵其他大陆时均经历了种群瓶颈效应，随后在各大陆内部发生了广泛的奠基者事件。此外，本研究揭示该病原菌在非洲与美洲大陆间存在截然不同的入侵传播场景：美洲地区检测到由多次入侵引发的遗传混合信号，而所有受检的非洲样本均似乎源自单次成功的奠基者种群扩散事件。结合历史记录，本研究为这种由风传病原菌引发的新兴香蕉病害，揭示了一套新颖且前所未有的全球入侵传播场景。