A clinical visualization model for predicting distant metastasis and prognostic outcomes in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix: a SEER database study

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (MACA) has high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, lacking predictive models. This study aimed to establish models for assessing distant metastasis (DM) risk and survival prognosis of MACA patients with DM. SEER database data of MACA patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2021 were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified DM risk factors, while Cox regression determined prognostic factors for DM patients. Two nomograms were created and evaluated via ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA. Results: A total of 1722 patients with MACA were included, and 832 patients had DM at the time of diagnosis. The independent risk factors for DM in patients with MACA include gender, age, tumor size, T stage, and N stage. For MACA patients with DM, age, N stage, and surgical treatment were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). The diagnostic and prognostic nomograms showed good discriminatory ability and calibration. The independent prognostic factors for MACA patients with DM are age, N stage, and surgery. The established diagnostic and prognostic models can quantitatively assess the risk and prognosis of MACA with DM, providing more effective guidance for clinical decision-making.