Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey, HIECS 1999/2000 - Egypt

Abstract --------------------------- THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS) The Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics (CAPMAS) is responsible for Implementation of statistics and data collection of various kinds, specializations, levels and performs many of the general censuses and economic surveys. One of the key aims of CAPMAS is to complete unified and comprehensive statistical work to keep up with all developments in various aspects of life and unifying standards, concepts and definitions of statistical terms, development of comprehensive information system as a tool for planning and development in all fields The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is one important source to rely on for economic, social and demographic indicators, that are conducted every few years. The HIECS 1999/2000 is the seventh Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey that was carried out in 1999/2000, among a long series of similar surveys that started back in 1955. The survey main objectives are: - To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to estimate the current demand and determine the levels of consumption for commodities and services essential for national planning. - To measure mean household and per-capita expenditure on different goods and services in urban and rural areas. - To define mean household and per-capita income. - To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various expenditure items used in compiling consumer price indices for different expenditure levels on urban and rural levels. - To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas and different levels of total expenditure. - To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure. - To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income and expenditure for commodities and services, in urban and rural areas. - To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables, and commodity balances. - To provide updated data on Income, Expenditure and Consumption estimates in 1999/2000 to serve planners, investors and researchers. - To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population and consumers behavior in urban and rural areas. - To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its sources and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas. - To identify the value of expenditure for food according to sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non food commodities and services. - To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ...) in urban and rural areas. - To identify the distribution of households according to the number of members, compared to the number of rooms occupied by the household. - To provide the distribution of households by income categories, income sources and number of income earners. - To provide the distribution of number of waged workers in the household by their income range, economic activity, sector and main occupation. A committee consisting of Experts of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Experts of the Ministry of Planning, Experts from NIB and Egyptian university professors, has been formed based on the decree number (28) for the year 1998 of the Minister of State for Planning and International Cooperation, to study and prepare Expenditure and Consumption Estimates Survey in the Arab Republic of Egypt and follow up on the implementation of the research procedures. A timetable has been prepared for the implementation of every stage of this survey, which started in 01/04/1999. It was taken into account in this timetable the coordination between the work phases, so that these stages were conducted in parallel, where the coding and office audit would start immediately upon completion of the monthly data collection phase. Data for which forms are completed, coded and reviewed was entered on personal computers during the same month. Specialized working groups were formed for each stage of the survey work and trained according to intensive training programs for each phase. Those stages were supervised by experts of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics in the field of family research. All collected data has been prepared on personal computers within the statistics division where 22 of the latest generations of devices were used, on which was installed the most updated software for data entry and validation. The survey management prepared a report for essential commodities to indentify the minimum and maximum price for those goods during each month of the survey. This report was sent to the statistical offices in all governorates to be filled from their sources by auditors, supervisors and delivered to the survey management with all forms collected to be used during the central office audit stage. The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries. Geographic coverage --------------------------- Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates. Analysis unit --------------------------- 1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person. Universe --------------------------- The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households. Kind of data --------------------------- Sample survey data [ssd] Sampling procedure --------------------------- THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS) A large sample representative for urban and rural areas in all governorates has been designed by CAPMAS in March 1999 for the HIECS 1999/2000. In previous surveys, CAPMAS used to select a sample of around 15000 households from 500 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). For HIECS 1999/2000, a sample of about 48000 households has been considered from 600 PSUs, 28800 households in urban (360 PSUs) and 19200 households in rural (240 PSUs), distributed over 12 months (4000 households monthly). The master sample is a strata-area-unbiased-probability proportion to size sample. The 1996 census data, the population estimates for the year 2000, as well as the number of shiakha/village in each governorate were used for the distribution of PSUs on different strata during the first sampling stage. The sampling unit in the first sampling stage was taken to be the PSU consisting of at least 1500 households in urban areas and 1000 households in rural areas. While the sampling unit for the second stage whether in urban or rural areas was the household. A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document available among the documentation materials published in both Arabic and English. Mode of data collection --------------------------- Face-to-face [f2f] Research instrument --------------------------- Three different questionnaires have been designed as following: 1- Expenditure and consumption questionnaire 1999/2000. 2- Diary questionnaire for expenditure and consumption 1999/2000. 3- Income questionnaire. A brief description of each questionnaire is given next: 1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire -------------------------------------------------------------- This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page. The questionnaire is divided into two main sections. Section one: Basic information which includes: - Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 15 questions for every person, in a table of 10 columns (1 column per person) on two pages so that each table contains data for 20 persons. - Household visitors during the month of the survey. - Members of household who are currently working abroad. - The household ration card. - The housing conditions including 18 questions. - The household possession of appliances including 23 type of appliance. This section includes some questions which help to define the socio-economic level of households which in turn, help interviewers to check the plausibility of expenditure, consumption and income data. Section two: Expenditure and consumption data It includes 14 tables as follows: - The quantity and value of food and beverages commodities actually consumed. - The quantity and value of the actual consumption of tobacco and narcotics. - The quantity and value of the clothing and footwear. - The household expenditure for housing. - The household expenditure for furnishings, household equipment and services. - The household expenditure for health care services. - The household expenditure for transportation and communication. - The household expenditure for education. - The household expenditure for recreation and culture. - The household expenditure at restaurants and hotels. - The household expenditure for miscellaneous goods and services. - Transfer payments. - Installments and other amounts paid during the survey year. - Total annual household expenditure (prepared in office) The tables from 1 to 13 include all types of commodities and services (578 Items), 37 Sub-group and 13 Main groups in addition to transfer payments. This questionnaire has been designed to be pre coded for all expenditure items and household characteristics except occupation and industry. Whenever relevant, the questionnaire provides spaces for different reference periods such as two weeks, monthly, quarterly and annually. 2 - Diary Questionnaire ----------------------------- It has been prepared to help households recording - on a daily basis- the quantity and value of what have been consumed of food and beverages during the survey month. This form is thus the main source for expenditure and consumption data, therefore it was designed in a very simple form to be easily used whether by the household or the interviewers during their frequent visits to the household. And due to the importance of this form, it was decided that the household should record the expenditure data in this form, and the interviewers are instructed to check what households have recorded every three days during the 10 visits assigned to each household. In case of the inability of some households to record their daily expenditure, the interviewer has to do so. The questionnaire includes: a- Letter addressed to the head of household to inform him/her about the importance of survey. b- Instructions of data recording for households and interviewers. c- Twenty pages (Form A) to record the daily consumed quantity and value of food and beverages during the month of the survey, in a page is divided into 4 columns and each column or a set of columns are assigned to one commodity, including date, source of commodity, quantity and value. d- Six pages (Form B), to record the value of expenses outside home, in a page or two for each of the household members who has spending outside home, such as: meals in restaurants or clubs, sandwiches, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, expenditure on tobacco and accommodation expenses. e- One page (Form C) to record the household expenditure on education for each household member enrolled during the year ending by the end of the survey month, by the education level attended and the expenditure type. 3- Income questionnaire ------------------------------- The questionnaire has been designed in a form that enables the interviewer to record the income data for each household member by source of income and the detailed items of each source. The total net income for each member and the annual net household income can then be computed. A new table has been added to this form to identify the household members who are active and income earners by type of person and work (primary/secondary), in order to be able the estimate the person's wage through his primary or secondary job. The table for annual net income from wages and salaries has been divided into main income and secondary income for each of the household members by income items of wages and salaries. Generally, this form consists of 8 tables: 1- Total annual net household income, prepared in the office, after recording income data by different sources for household members. 2- Income earners who are active (inside labor force) by gender, type of work (primary/secondary), work status, occupation, economic activity and sector of employment for both primary and secondary job. 3- Net annual income from wages and salaries for waged workers among household members, consisting of 10 items. 4- Net annual income from agriculture projects of household members, consisting of 16 items. 5- Net annual income from non-agriculture projects of household members, consisting of 7 items. 6- Net annual income from real properties of household members, consisting of 8 items. 7- Net annual income from financial investments of household members, consisting of 9 items. 8- Net annual income from regular revenues of household members, consisting of 6 items. Cleaning operations --------------------------- Raw Data ======= Office Editing: It is one of the main stages of the survey. It started as soon as the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by selected work groups. It includes: a- Editing of coverage and completeness b- Editing of consistency c- Arithmetic editing of quantities and values. Data Coding: Specialized staff has coded the data of industry, occupation and geographical identification. Data Processing and preparing final results It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation and preparing final survey volumes. Harmonized Data ============ - The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets. - The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency. - Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization. - A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute /recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables. - A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data. - Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format. Sampling error estimates --------------------------- The estimate of sampling error at 95% confidence intervals was computed using the coefficient of variation for as well as the estimate of average total consumption expenditure from the previous survey. For the 28800 households in urban, the estimate of sampling error was 0.7%, while for the 19200 households in rural, the estimate of sampling error was 0.9%. Equations used to calculate the sampling error are provided in the Methodology document available among the documentation materials published.