Supplemental file.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are growing in size along with their increase in market share. At the same time, auto producers are responding to range anxiety by increasing battery capacity. The mean weight of the lithium-ion batteries in the most common vehicles sold in 2023 were 68% heavier than the models sold 5 years earlier. Larger size EVs with greater range require heavier lithium-ion batteries with more energy intensive inputs and greater lifetime carbon emissions. Consumer messaging glosses over the energy and environmental impacts of increasingly larger EVs with heavier batteries. Government subsidies and tax incentives should be better aligned to account for greenhouse gas emissions over the vehicle lifecycle.