Data from: Adaptation to abiotic conditions drives local adaptation in bacteria and viruses coevolving in heterogeneous environments

Parasite local adaptation, the greater performance of parasites on their local compared with foreign hosts, has important consequences for the maintenance of diversity and epidemiology. While the abiotic environment may significantly affect local adaptation, most studies to date fail to either incorporate the effects of the abiotic environment, or to separate them from those of the biotic environment. Here, we tease apart biotic and abiotic components of local adaptation using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and its viral parasite bacteriophage F2. We coevolved replicate populations of bacteria and phages at three different temperatures, and determined their performance against coevolutionary partners from the same and different temperatures. Crucially, we measured performance at different assay temperatures, which allowed us to disentangle adaptation to biotic and abiotic habitat components. Our results show that bacteria and phages are more resistant and infectious, respectively, at the temperature at which they previously coevolved, confirming that local adaptation to abiotic conditions can play a crucial role in determining parasite infectivity and host resistance. Our work underlines the need to assess host–parasite interactions across multiple relevant abiotic environments, and suggests that microbial adaption to local temperatures can create ecological barriers to dispersal across temperature gradients.寄生物局部适应（Parasite local adaptation）指寄生物在本地宿主上的适合度相较于异域宿主更高，这一现象对生物多样性维持与流行病学均具有重要意义。尽管非生物环境可显著影响寄生物局部适应，但迄今绝大多数相关研究要么未纳入非生物环境的效应，要么未能将其与生物环境的影响区分开来。本研究以荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）及其病毒性寄生物噬菌体F2（bacteriophage Φ2）为实验体系，解析了局部适应中的生物与非生物组分。我们在三种不同温度条件下构建了细菌与噬菌体的重复共进化种群，并测定了它们与来自相同及不同温度环境的共进化伙伴配对时的表现。尤为关键的是，我们在不同检测温度下开展了性能测定，借此得以区分针对生境中生物与非生物组分的适应。研究结果显示，细菌与噬菌体分别在其此前共进化的温度下表现出更强的宿主抗性与侵染能力，这证实了针对非生物环境的局部适应，可在决定寄生物侵染性与宿主抗性方面发挥关键作用。本研究强调，需在多种相关非生物环境中评估宿主-寄生物互作，并表明微生物对本地温度的适应，可在温度梯度间形成扩散的生态障碍。