CALM scale evaluation dataset

Study aim: to test reliability and sensitivity of the CALM scale for evaluation of responses to large body balance perturbations in the mediolateral direction. Design: analysis was conducted on data from 46 healthy university students of both genders. Task The task aim was to recover the body balance after unpredictable perturbations, trying to maintain the initial Romberg posture. Perturbations were applied through varying displacements of the support base on a custom made moveable platform. Support base displacements were made in the mediolateral direction, in three modalities: rotation, translation and the combined translation-rotation. Displacements were made in both directions in three speeds (20, 30 and 40º (cm)/s). Combination of modality, direction and perturbation velocity factors resulted in 18 distinct perturbations, making each perturbation unique in the protocol. The sequence of perturbations was pseudorandomized among all possibilities of variation of postural perturbation. Statistical analysis Reliability: Intra and inter-rater analyzes were performed by means of Cohen’s kappa. CALM scale scores and corresponding kinematic data were correlated by the Spearman's correlation. Analysis was performed through pairwise comparisons, using the Mann-Whitney U test for group-related comparisons in each perturbation mode by velocity, and the Wilcoxon matched pairs test for effects of perturbation mode (rotation X translation X combined; three velocities averaged), and velocity (low X high; separately for each perturbation mode). Statistically significant effects are reported only. Highlights Scale for evaluation of compensatory arm and leg movements to balance perturbation Large magnitude unpredictable balance perturbations in the mediolateral direction Patterns of compensatory movements are rated as a function of their stability High reliability and sensitivity to perturbation magnitude and training Instrument potentially able to predict probability of falls in at-risk individuals研究目的：检验CALM量表（CALM scale）在评估中外侧方向大型身体平衡扰动反应时的信度与敏感度。 研究设计：本研究对46名健康男女大学生的相关数据展开分析。 试验任务 试验目标为受试者在遭遇不可预测的平衡扰动后恢复身体平衡，并尽力维持初始朗姆伯格姿势（Romberg posture）。 平衡扰动通过定制可移动平台的支撑底座的不同位移施加。支撑底座的位移沿中外侧方向开展，共分为三种模式：旋转、平移以及平移-旋转联合模式。位移覆盖两个方向，且设置三种速度档位：20、30与40（单位：厘米/秒，旋转模式单位为度/秒）。 扰动模式、方向与速度三类因素的组合共生成18种独立的扰动类型，确保试验中每一种扰动均具备唯一性。所有姿势扰动的变异组合均采用伪随机方式排列扰动序列。 统计分析 信度分析：采用科恩κ系数（Cohen’s kappa）开展评定者内与评定者间一致性分析。 通过斯皮尔曼相关分析（Spearman's correlation）关联CALM量表评分与对应运动学数据。 本次统计分析采用两两比较方法：针对每种扰动模式下按速度划分的组间比较，采用曼-惠特尼U检验（Mann-Whitney U test）；针对扰动模式（旋转、平移、联合模式；对三种速度取均值）与速度（低vs高；每种扰动模式分别分析）的效应分析，采用威尔科克森配对符号秩检验（Wilcoxon matched pairs test）。本研究仅报告具有统计学显著性的效应结果。 研究亮点 - 用于评估平衡扰动下代偿性手臂与腿部运动的量表 - 中外侧方向大强度不可预测平衡扰动 - 代偿运动模式根据其稳定性进行评级 - 具备较高信度，且对扰动强度与训练干预具有良好敏感度 - 该工具有望预测高跌倒风险个体的跌倒概率