NGEE Arctic Soil Micro-warming Experiment Temperature Profiles, Council Road Mile Marker 71, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017-2019

The reported soil temperature profile measurements (24 locations - 2 probes with 5 and 6 thermistors, respectively - Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) were initiated as part of a soil micro-warming experiment at the Council Road Mile Marker 71 Site (CN_MM71) in September 2017. From 2017 through August 2019, these were measurements of ambient pre-treatment plot conditions. This tussock tundra site (with underlying permafrost) experiences annual frost heaving that causes a vertical movement of the ground surface, hence causing some of the upper most temperature thermistors to be at surface level or above ground and recorded therefore air temperatures near the surface and not below ground soil temperature (see section on Quality Assurance). After August 2019, these measurements ended in preparation for transitioning to the experimental warming of individual plots. The reported temperature data are nominally 3-hour averages of measurements made at varying frequencies (3-hour maximum) with frequencies that depended upon power (solar) availability to operate the sensors (see section in documentation on Methods). The number of values and the standard deviation for each 3-hour average (where appropriate) are also provided. These measurements are located near the NGEE-Arctic CO2 and CH4 eddy covariance tower at the Council Road Site (US-NGC: NGEE Arctic Council, https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-NGC#overview) and auxiliary data at https://doi.org/10.5440/1526749. This dataset contains four *.csv files and one *.pdf file. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).本次公开的土壤温度廓线测量（soil temperature profile measurements）共覆盖24个点位——2个探针分别搭载5个和6个热敏电阻（thermistors），详见图1与图2——于2017年9月启动，作为理事会路71英里标记点（CN_MM71）土壤微增温实验的一部分。 2017年9月至2019年8月期间，该系列测量用于获取样地处理前的原位环境条件。该密丛苔原（tussock tundra）样地下伏多年冻土（permafrost），每年均会发生冻胀（frost heaving）现象，导致地表产生垂直位移，进而使部分最上层的温度热敏电阻暴露于地表或地面以上，因此记录的实为地表附近的气温而非地下土壤温度（详见质量保证章节）。 2019年8月后，为推进单个样地的实验增温工作，该系列测量宣告终止。 本次公开的温度数据名义上为3小时平均值，原始测量的采样频率可变（最高为3小时），采样频率取决于传感器运行所需的太阳能供电可用性（详见方法文档章节）。同时还提供了各3小时平均值（适用时）的有效数据量与标准偏差。本次测量布设于理事会路站点的下一代生态系统实验-北极（Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic, NGEE-Arctic）二氧化碳与甲烷涡度协方差塔（eddy covariance tower）附近（US-NGC：NGEE北极理事会，https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-NGC#overview），辅助数据可访问https://doi.org/10.5440/1526749。 本数据集包含4个*.csv文件与1个*.pdf文件。下一代生态系统实验-北极（Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic, NGEE-Arctic）旨在通过加深对富碳北极生态系统及其气候反馈机制的预测性认知，降低地球系统模型的模拟不确定性。该项目由美国能源部生物与环境研究办公室资助。 NGEE北极项目设有两个野外研究站点：1）位于阿拉斯加州乌特恰维克（原巴罗）附近北坡的巴罗环境观测站（Barrow Environmental Observatory, BEO）北极多边形苔原沿海区域；2）位于阿拉斯加州诺姆以北苏华德半岛不连续多年冻土区的多处区域。通过观测、实验与现有数据集综合分析，NGEE北极项目为多尺度建模提供了更为完善的知识库，并助力美国能源部地球系统模型（能源百亿亿次地球系统模型，Energy Exascale Earth System Model, E3SM），尤其是其陆面模型模块（E3SM Land Model component, ELM），在全球及泛北极尺度上提升了过程表征的准确性。