Statistical learning in children and adults: Evidence from behavioural and neural entrainment data

The following data was used to assess statistical learning (SL) to six minutes of an artificial language in 8- to 12-year-old children and adults. We used explicit and implicit behavioural measures and an EEG measure of neural entrainment. EEG data were recorded while participants listened to the six-minute artificial language. Behavioural data was gathered immediately after exposure to the language. A two-alternative forced choice task and a rating task were used to assess explicit learning. A target detection task was used to assess implicit syllable prediction. Children (n = 56) completed all three behavioural tasks, whereas adults (n = 40) completed the rating task and target detection task. EEG data was gathered for 55 children and 24 adult participants. With few exceptions, children and adults showed largely similar performance on the behavioural explicit and implicit tasks, replicating prior work. Children and adults also demonstrated robust neural entrainment to both words and syllables, with a similar time course of word-level entrainment, reflecting learning of the hidden word structure. The data included here is the raw data, before preprocessing.本数据集用于评估8至12岁儿童与成人对时长6分钟的人工语言的统计学习（statistical learning，SL）能力。我们采用显性行为测量、内隐行为测量，以及针对神经同步化（neural entrainment）的脑电图（electroencephalogram，EEG）记录方法。实验过程中，参与者在聆听该6分钟人工语言的同时被采集脑电图数据；语言暴露结束后即刻收集行为学数据：其中二择一迫选任务（two-alternative forced choice task）与评分任务（rating task）用于评估显式学习（explicit learning）能力，目标检测任务（target detection task）用于评估内隐音节预测能力。儿童被试（n=56）完成了全部三项行为任务，而成人被试（n=40）仅完成评分任务与目标检测任务。本次实验共有55名儿童与24名成人参与者完成了脑电图数据采集。除极少数例外情况外，儿童与成人在行为学显式与内隐任务中的表现整体相似，这一结果重复了此前的相关研究。此外，儿童与成人均展现出对词汇与音节的显著神经同步化效应，且词汇层面的神经同步化时间进程相似，反映出对隐藏词汇结构的学习。 本数据集包含预处理前的原始数据。