A global fire emission dataset using the three-corner hat method (FiTCH)

Anthropogenic carbon emissions induce rising temperatures and climate change. Fire carbon emissions contribute to the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 and affect climate change. It is crucial to accurately monitor the dynamics of global fire emissions for fire management and climate change mitigation. This study merged six commonly used satellite-based fire emission products (the GFED 4.1s, GFAS 1.2, QFED 2.5, FINN 2.5, FEER 1.0, and Xu et al. (2021)) using the three-corner hat method (TCH) (Premoli and Tavella, 1993) and produced a new global fire emission dataset, FiTCH. The FiTCH dataset provides global annual fire carbon emissions from 2001 to 2021 at the spatial resolution of 0.1 degree. The unit of carbon emissions is gigagram carbon (Gg C) per pixel. There are 21 bands in the stacked raster data, where each band indicates a year since 2001. Note: The GFED 4.1s data were from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) (van der Werf et al., 2017). The GFAS 1.2 data were from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) (Kaiser et al., 2012). The QFED 2.5 data were from the Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) (Koster et al., 2015). The FINN 2.5 data were from the Fire INventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (FINN) (Wiedinmyer et al., 2023). The FEER 1.0 data were from the Fire Energetics and Emissions Research (FEER) (Ichoku and Ellison, 2014). The Xu et al. (2021) global fire emission data came from "Changes in global terrestrial live biomass over the 21st century" published in Science Advance. References Ichoku, C., Ellison, L., 2014. Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, 6643–6667. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6643-2014 Kaiser, J.W., Heil, A., Andreae, M.O., Benedetti, A., Chubarova, N., Jones, L., Morcrette, J.-J., Razinger, M., Schultz, M.G., Suttie, M., van der Werf, G.R., 2012. Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power. Biogeosciences 9, 527–554. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-527-2012 Koster, R.D., Darmenov, A.S., da Silva, A.M., 2015. The Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED): Documentation of Versions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4 (No. NASA/TM-2015-104606 /Vol. 38). Premoli, A., Tavella, P., 1993. A revisited three-cornered hat method for estimating frequency standard instability. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 42, 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.206671 van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., Leeuwen, T.T. van, Chen, Y., Rogers, B.M., Mu, M., Marle, M.J.E. van, Morton, D.C., Collatz, G.J., Yokelson, R.J., Kasibhatla, P.S., 2017. Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016. Earth System Science Data 9, 697–720. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017 Wiedinmyer, C., Kimura, Y., McDonald-Buller, E.C., Emmons, L.K., Buchholz, R.R., Tang, W., Seto, K., Joseph, M.B., Barsanti, K.C., Carlton, A.G., Yokelson, R., 2023. The Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2.5: an updated global fire emissions model for climate and chemistry applications. EGUsphere 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-124 Xu, L., Saatchi, S.S., Yang, Y., Yu, Y., Pongratz, J., Bloom, A.A., Bowman, K., Worden, J., Liu, J., Yin, Y., Domke, G., McRoberts, R.E., Woodall, C., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Keller, M., Harris, N., Maxwell, S., Schimel, D., 2021. Changes in global terrestrial live biomass over the 21st century. Science Advances 7, eabe9829. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe9829人为碳排放会引发气温上升与气候变化。火灾碳排放会加剧大气二氧化碳的累积，并对气候变化产生影响。精准监测全球火灾碳排放动态，对于火灾管理与气候变化减缓工作至关重要。本研究采用三角帽法（three-cornered hat method, TCH）（Premoli与Tavella, 1993），整合了6款常用的卫星遥感火灾碳排放产品（GFED 4.1s、GFAS 1.2、QFED 2.5、FINN 2.5、FEER 1.0以及Xu等人2021年的数据集），构建了全新的全球火灾碳排放数据集FiTCH。FiTCH数据集提供了2001年至2021年的全球年度火灾碳排放数据，空间分辨率为0.1度。碳排放单位为每像元吉克碳（gigagram carbon, Gg C）。该堆叠栅格数据共包含21个波段，每个波段对应2001年起的某一年份。 注：GFED 4.1s数据源自全球火灾排放数据库（Global Fire Emissions Database, GFED）（van der Werf等人, 2017）；GFAS 1.2数据源自全球火灾同化系统（Global Fire Assimilation System, GFAS）（Kaiser等人, 2012）；QFED 2.5数据源自快速火灾排放数据集（Quick Fire Emissions Dataset, QFED）（Koster等人, 2015）；FINN 2.5数据源自美国国家大气研究中心火灾清单（Fire INventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR, FINN）（Wiedinmyer等人, 2023）；FEER 1.0数据源自火灾能量与排放研究数据集（Fire Energetics and Emissions Research, FEER）（Ichoku与Ellison, 2014）；Xu等人2021年的全球火灾碳排放数据源自发表于《Science Advances》的论文《Changes in global terrestrial live biomass over the 21st century》。 参考文献 Ichoku, C., Ellison, L., 2014. 基于卫星火灾辐射功率观测的全球自上而下烟雾气溶胶排放估算. 《大气化学与物理》14, 6643–6667. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6643-2014 Kaiser, J.W., Heil, A., Andreae, M.O., Benedetti, A., Chubarova, N., Jones, L., Morcrette, J.-J., Razinger, M., Schultz, M.G., Suttie, M., van der Werf, G.R., 2012. 基于观测火灾辐射功率的全球火灾同化系统估算生物质燃烧排放. 《生物地球科学》9, 527–554. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-527-2012 Koster, R.D., Darmenov, A.S., da Silva, A.M., 2015. 快速火灾排放数据集（QFED）：2.1、2.2与2.4版文档（编号：NASA/TM-2015-104606 /第38卷） Premoli, A., Tavella, P., 1993. 用于估算频率标准稳定性的改进三角帽法. 《IEEE仪器与测量汇刊》42, 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.206671 van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., van Leeuwen, T.T., Chen, Y., Rogers, B.M., Mu, M., van Marle, M.J.E., Morton, D.C., Collatz, G.J., Yokelson, R.J., Kasibhatla, P.S., 2017. 1997–2016年全球火灾排放估算. 《地球系统科学数据》9, 697–720. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017 Wiedinmyer, C., Kimura, Y., McDonald-Buller, E.C., Emmons, L.K., Buchholz, R.R., Tang, W., Seto, K., Joseph, M.B., Barsanti, K.C., Carlton, A.G., Yokelson, R., 2023. NCAR版2.5火灾清单：面向气候与化学应用的更新版全球火灾排放模型. EGUsphere 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-124 Xu, L., Saatchi, S.S., Yang, Y., Yu, Y., Pongratz, J., Bloom, A.A., Bowman, K., Worden, J., Liu, J., Yin, Y., Domke, G., McRoberts, R.E., Woodall, C., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Keller, M., Harris, N., Maxwell, S., Schimel, D., 2021. 21世纪全球陆地活生物量变化. 《科学·进展》7, eabe9829. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe9829