Changes in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the Anthropocene

To better understand how ecosystems are changing, a multifaceted approach to measuring biodiversity that considers species richness and evolutionary history across spatial scales is needed. Here we compiled 162 datasets for fish, bird, and plant assemblages across the globe and measured how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity changed at different spatial scales (within site α diversity and between sites spatial β diversity). Biodiversity change is measured from these datasets in three ways: across land use gradients, from species lists, and through sampling of the same locations across two time periods. We found that local species richness and phylogenetic α diversity (Faith’s PD) increased for all taxonomic groups. However, when measured with a metric that is independent of species richness (phylogenetic species variation, PSV), phylogenetic α diversity declined for all taxonomic groups. Land use datasets showed declines in species richness, Faith’s PD, and PSV. For all taxonomic grou...

为深入解析生态系统的动态变化，亟需建立多维度的生物多样性评估体系，该体系需兼顾物种丰富度（species richness）与演化历史，并覆盖不同空间尺度。本研究整合了全球范围内覆盖鱼类、鸟类与植物群落（assemblages）的162份数据集，量化分析了不同空间尺度下的分类多样性（taxonomic diversity）与系统发育多样性（phylogenetic diversity）变化规律，具体包括样点内α多样性（alpha diversity）与样地间空间β多样性（beta diversity）。我们通过三种方式从上述数据集开展生物多样性变化评估：沿土地利用梯度展开、基于物种名录开展，以及通过对同一采样位点开展跨时间采样实现。研究结果显示，所有类群的本地物种丰富度与费思系统发育多样性（Faith’s PD）均呈上升趋势。然而，当采用不依赖物种丰富度的指标——系统发育物种变异度（phylogenetic species variation, PSV）进行测算时，所有类群的系统发育α多样性均出现下降。土地利用相关数据集则显示，物种丰富度、费思系统发育多样性与系统发育物种变异度均呈下降趋势。针对所有类群……