Data from: Do the historical biogeography and evolutionary history of the digenean Margotrema spp. across central Mexico mirror those of their freshwater fish hosts (Goodeinae)?

Host-parasite systems provide an ideal platform to study evolution at different levels, including codivergence in a historical biogeography context. In this study we aim to describe biogeographic and codivergent patterns and associated processes of the Goodeinae freshwater fish and their digenean parasite (Margotrema spp.) over the last 6.5 Ma (million years), identifying the main factors (host and/or hydrogeomorphology) that influenced the evolution of Margotrema. We obtained a species tree for Margotrema spp. using DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers (COI and ITS1, respectively) and performed molecular dating to discern divergence events within the genus. The dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model was used to describe the historical biogeography of digeneans and applied to cophylogenetic analyses of Margotrema and their goodeine hosts. Our results showed that the evolutionary history of Margotrema has been shaped in close association with its geographic context, especially with the geological history of central Mexico during the Pleistocene. Host-specificity has been established at three levels of historical association: a) Species-Species, represented by Xenotaenia resolanae-M. resolanae exclusively found in the Cuzalapa River Basin; b) Species-Lineage, represented by Characodon audax-M. bravoae Lineage II, exclusive to the Upper and Middle Mezquital River Basin, and c) Tribe-Lineage, including two instances of historical associations among parasites and hosts at the taxonomical level of tribe, one represented by Ilyodontini-M. bravoae Lineage I (distributed across the Ayuquila and Balsas River Basins), and another comprised of Girardinichthyini/Chapalichthyini-M. bravoae Lineage III, found only in the Lerma River Basin. We show that the evolutionary history of the parasites is, on several occasions, in agreement with the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of their hosts. A series of biogeographic and host-parasite events explain the codivergence patterns observed, in which cospeciation and colonisation via host-switching and vicariant plus dispersal events are appreciated, at different times during the diversification history of both associates, particularly during the Pleistocene.宿主-寄生虫系统是开展多维度进化研究的理想平台，可用于探究历史生物地理学背景下的共分歧（codivergence）过程。本研究旨在刻画过去650万年间（Ma，百万年）谷鳉亚科（Goodeinae）淡水鱼类及其复殖类吸虫（digenean parasite）宿主玛戈吸虫属（Margotrema spp.）的生物地理分布格局、共分歧模式及相关演化过程，明确影响玛戈吸虫属演化的核心驱动因素（宿主因素及/或水文地貌因素）。研究团队依托线粒体分子标记细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）与核分子标记内转录间隔区1（ITS1）获取的DNA序列数据，构建了玛戈吸虫属的物种树，并通过分子钟分析明晰了该属内的物种分歧事件。本研究采用扩散-灭绝-分支（dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis, DEC）模型刻画复殖类吸虫的历史生物地理演化特征，并将其应用于协同系统发育（cophylogenetic）分析，以探究玛戈吸虫属与其谷鳉亚科宿主的演化关联。研究结果显示，玛戈吸虫属的演化历史与其分布地理格局紧密相关，尤其受到更新世时期墨西哥中部地质历史事件的影响。研究明确了三类历史关联层面的宿主特异性：① 物种-物种层面：以仅分布于库萨卢帕河流域的Xenotaenia resolanae-M. resolanae组合为代表；② 物种-支系层面：以仅分布于梅斯奎塔尔河上中游流域的Characodon audax-M. bravoae支系II组合为代表；③ 族-支系层面：包含两例科级分类阶元下寄生虫与宿主的历史关联事件：其一为分布于阿尤基拉河流域与巴尔萨斯河流域的Ilyodontini-M. bravoae支系I组合，其二为仅分布于莱尔马河流域的Girardinichthyini/Chapalichthyini-M. bravoae支系III组合。研究证实，在多数情况下，寄生虫的演化历史与其宿主的系统发育及生物地理演化历史高度契合。一系列生物地理与宿主-寄生虫交互事件可解释本研究观测到的共分歧格局：在两类共生生物的多样化演化历史中，尤其在更新世时期，共物种形成（cospeciation）、通过宿主切换实现的定殖，以及替代分化（vicariant）与扩散事件共同塑造了这一格局。