Low genetic diversity and complex population structure in black piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), a key Amazonian predator

This dataset contains 29,587 SNPs from 248 black piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus) samples collected across 14 study sites from various tributaries in the central Amazonia, covering diverse water types (black, white, and clear water). The SNPs were obtained using a Genotyping-by-Sequencing approach. Additionally, we have included a file with spatio-temporal information about the samples collected and the A00 analyses outputs from the Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP) software.

Methods
A total of 248 individuals of S. rhombeus were collected in the Amazon Basin (Amazonas and Pará states, Brazil) in 2018 and 2019 during the dry season at 14 sites in different Amazon River tributaries, including seven white water, four black water and three clear water sites. Fin clip samples were collected and immediately preserved in nucleic acid preservation (NAP) buffer to preserve maximum DNA integrity. The samples were then stored at -20°C. We then applied a Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) approach to identify and analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).