Hazard ratio of bladder cancer.

Adjusted by sex, age, duration of diabetes, other diabetes medications, income (monthly income NT$20,000), residential area, nephritis, chronic kidney disease, kidney infections, hydronephrosis, calculus of the lower urinary tract, cystitis, other disorders of the urethra and urinary tract, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The adjusted HR of newly developed chronic kidney disease and calculus of the kidney and ureter were computed with the indicated variable of pioglitazone use.