Screening antimicrobial ressitance profile and identification of multi drug resistance bacterial pathogen isolated from infected skin lesion and woundfrom hospital

Wound infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a growing clinical concern, primarily due to antimicrobial misuse and inadequate empirical treatments. This study assessed the distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of bacterial isolates from wound infections across nine healthcare institutions. Over six months, 133 clinical samples were processed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques, yielding 187 bacterial isolates. Of these, 123 were Gram-negative, including Pseudomonas spp. (n=56; 45.56%), Klebsiella spp. (n=29; 23.57%), Proteus spp. (n=18; 14.63%), Escherichia coli (n=11; 8.94%), and Acinetobacter spp. (n=9; 7.31%). The remaining 64 were Gram-positive, comprising Staphylococcus spp. (n=41; 64.06%), Streptococcus spp. (n=11; 17.18%), Enterococcus spp. (n=9; 14.06%), and Actinomycetes spp. (n=3; 4.68%). Clustered heatmaps of AMR patterns revealed distinct co-resistance trends: Gram-negative isolates clustered by β-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance, while Gram-positive organisms grouped by macrolide and lincosamide resistance. Overall, 137 isolates (73.26%) were identified as MDR. Among Gram-negative bacteria, MDR prevalence was highest in Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. (100% each), followed by Klebsiella spp. (82.75%), E. coli (81%), and Pseudomonas spp. (75.43%). In Gram-positive isolates, Streptococcus spp. showed the highest MDR rate (90%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (43.90%), Actinomycetes (100%), and Enterococcus spp. (33%).