Nature conservation evaluation of alpine management in the Gesäuse National Park, part 4: Measures Monitoring Sulzkaralm 2010

As shown, among other things, from the LIFE report and alpine management plan for the NATURA 2000 area and the Gesäuse National Park, low moor areas are among the high-ranking protected sites of the National Park. These habitats are also protected products within the meaning of Annex I to the Fauna Flora Habitats Directive. In order to protect them from degradation through recourse, excessive biting and eutrophication, the fencing has already been proposed by the Ecoteam as an effective protective measure. The review of the effectiveness of these grazing management measures is the objective of the present report. The focus is on the development of animal communities from five selected sub-areas: two low bogs, a high bog, a calcareous grassland and a fat pasture. Cicadas, bedbugs and locusts are particularly well suited as indicators for the evaluation of measures. The fauna of the present subareas was first studied in 2003 and 2004 in order to obtain (semi-) quantitative data and thus the basis for a comparative analysis. After that, the two low bog areas were fenced out by grazing, and the grazing regime of the Sulzkaralm was switched to a coupling grazing system. In 2010, a new inventory of the indicator groups was carried out in order to evaluate and adapt the grazing measures set.如LIFE报告（LIFE report）、NATURA 2000保护区（NATURA 2000 area）及格塞厄国家公园（Gesäuse National Park）的阿尔卑斯山地管理规划所示，低位沼泽（low moor）区域属于该国家公园的高优先级保护地之列。此类生境同时属于《野生动植物生境指令》（Fauna Flora Habitats Directive）附录一中定义的保护对象。为防止这些区域因过度取用、过度啃食及富营养化而发生退化，生态工作组（Ecoteam）已提出将围栏设置作为有效的保护措施。本报告的核心目标即为评估此类放牧管理措施的实施效果。研究重点聚焦于5个选定分区的动物群落动态：2处低位沼泽、1处高位沼泽（high bog）、1处石灰质草原（calcareous grassland）及1处肥沃牧场（fat pasture）。蝉类、蝽类及蝗虫类物种尤其适合作为本次措施评估的指示类群。本次涉及的各分区动物群落最初于2003年与2004年开展调查，以获取（半）定量数据，进而为对比分析奠定基础。此后，两处低位沼泽区域被划定为禁牧区，而苏尔茨卡尔阿尔姆（Sulzkaralm）牧场的放牧制度则调整为耦合放牧系统（coupling grazing system）。2010年，研究团队针对上述指示类群开展了新一轮调查，以评估现有放牧措施的效果并对其进行优化调整。