Data and code from: Climate and parasite pressure jointly shape traits mediating the coevolution between an ant social parasite and its host

Host-parasite relationships are often shaped by coevolutionary arms races. While abiotic influences on these dynamics are well documented, a combined analysis of abiotic and biotic factors is essential for understanding coevolution, particularly under climate change. In this study, we analysed the interactions of the obligate social parasite Temnothorax americanus, a dulotic ant, and its primary host, the ant Temnothorax longispinosus, focusing on behavioural and cuticular hydrocarbon (CHCs) traits that govern parasite invasion and host defence. We studied the link between these traits and local climate as well as parasite prevalence. Our results revealed that behavioural interactions were more strongly associated with climate than parasite prevalence. Hosts from warmer, drier regions exhibited reduced aggression during parasite encounters, opting to pick up the brood and flee, while parasites from these regions exhibited greater aggression and activity. CHCs mediating enemy recognition..., , # Data and code from: Climate and parasite pressure jointly shape traits mediating the coevolution between an ant social parasite and its host

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqv2](10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqv2)

## Description of the data and file structure

**Data overview**

This section contains information related to the datasets, scripts, and figures used to analyse and visualise the variation in the expression of host and parasite traits across space:

1. \"behaviour\" traits: We used behavioural assays to evaluate the behavioural response of *T. longispinosus* subcolonies to different intruders (i.e. *T. americanus* workers), and intruder themselves, across space. 

Of the 450 videos, a representative subset of videos (N = 30; one video per treatment (n = 3) / per population (n = 10)) was selected and stored on Dryad to represent the behavioural assays, as the total video volume was very large (<3 TB). Each video is named with the random number of the host colony, followed by an “_...,