Data for: Roots originating from different shoot parts are functionally different in running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca

Running bamboos are a group of clonal plants exhibiting rapid and widespread expansion. They possess two root subsystems, arising from different shoot parts, culm roots and rhizome roots. To date, it remains unclear what the functional differences are between the two root subsystems and what their relation is to the remarkably competitive ability of running bamboos. A typical running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca, which dominates in a highly heterogenous habitat of limestone hills, was sampled to compare the morphology, architecture, anatomy, chemical composition, mechanics, and nutrient acquisition of the two root subsystems to explore their differences in functional traits. Compared with rhizome roots, culm roots possessed greater tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, stele diameter to root diameter ratio, root tissue density, root length density, rooting depth, basal diameter of shoot-borne roots, and more lignified cells. Culm roots also had a higher phosphorus (P) concentration (..., ,散生竹（running bamboos）是一类具备快速广泛扩张能力的克隆植物（clonal plants），它们拥有两套起源于不同茎部结构的根系系统：秆根（culm roots）与鞭根（rhizome roots）。截至目前，学界尚未明确这两套根系系统的功能差异，以及其与散生竹卓越竞争能力之间的关联。本研究以广泛栖息于石灰岩山地异质性生境中的典型散生竹——粉绿竹（Phyllostachys glauca）为研究材料，通过对比两套根系系统的形态、构型、解剖结构、化学成分、力学特性及养分获取能力，探究二者在功能性状上的差异。与鞭根相比，秆根具备更高的抗张强度（tensile strength）、弹性模量（modulus of elasticity）、中柱直径与根直径比值（stele diameter to root diameter ratio）、根组织密度（root tissue density）、根长密度（root length density）、根深（rooting depth）以及萌根基径（basal diameter of shoot-borne roots），且木质化细胞（lignified cells）数量更多。此外，秆根的磷（P）浓度也更高（..., ,