Indian Personality, Education, and Administration Research: Hopi Study, 1942-1944

The Indian Education, Personality, and Administration Research was initiated in 1941 by the United States Department of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The project was set up as a joint project of the United States Office of Indian Affairs and the University of Chicago's Committee on Human Development. The aim of the project was to study Native Americans as individuals and as tribal societies in order to discover how the Indian Service's long-range policies and programs might be made more effective in improving Indian welfare. Six tribes were selected to be in the project: Hopi (2 communities), Navaho (3 communities), Papago (2 communities), Sioux (3 communities), Zia (1 community) and Zuni (1 community). The personalities of a random sample of children (ages 5-18) was studied in the context of the social systems of each of the 12 communities. Life histories and the emotional, mental, and physical development of the selected children were studied by means of participant observation, interviews, medical examinations, and a battery of cross-cultural psychological tests of the projective, guided interview and performance types. The battery included the Arthur Point Performance Scale (short form); Goodenough's Draw-a-Man Test; Stewart's Emotional Response Test (adapted); Bavelas' test of Moral Ideology; Piaget's Immanent Justice (adapted); Free Drawings; Murray's Thematic Apperception Test (adapted); and Rorschach's Inkblot Test. The Murray Research Archive holds partial data for the Hopi portion of the project. The Murray Archive has copies of the Record Form for Tests Given by Field Workers for all Hopi participants (N=190, 102 girls and 88 boys). This form contains Stewart's Emotional Response Test, Bavelas' test of Moral Ideology, Piaget's Immanent Justice, and the Rules of Games. The Murray Archive also holds some transcripts of interviews with mothers, forms completed by the children regarding their friends and family, and some observations by Laura Thompson. The remainder of the Hopi data and the data from other tribes are archived at the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution.印第安教育、人格与行政研究（Indian Education, Personality, and Administration Research）于1941年由美国内政部（United States Department of the Interior）与印第安事务专员发起。该项目由美国印第安事务办公室（United States Office of Indian Affairs）与芝加哥大学人类发展委员会联合开展。本项目旨在将美洲原住民作为个体与部落社会进行研究，以探明如何优化印第安事务局的长期政策与项目，从而更有效地改善印第安族群的福祉。 本次研究共选取6个部落参与：霍皮族（2个社区）、纳瓦霍族（3个社区）、帕帕戈族（2个社区）、苏族（3个社区）、齐亚族（1个社区）与祖尼族（1个社区）。研究以12个社区各自的社会系统为背景，对随机抽取的5至18岁儿童群体的人格特征展开分析。研究人员通过参与式观察、访谈、体格检查，以及一套涵盖投射测验、引导式访谈与操作测验类别的跨文化心理测验组合，对入选儿童的生活史、情绪、心智与身体发育情况进行了探究。该套测验包含：阿瑟·波因特操作量表（简版，Arthur Point Performance Scale (short form)）、古迪纳夫画人测验（Goodenough's Draw-a-Man Test）、改编版斯图尔特情绪反应测验（Stewart's Emotional Response Test (adapted)）、巴夫拉斯道德意识形态测验（Bavelas' test of Moral Ideology）、改编版皮亚杰他律道德测验（Piaget's Immanent Justice (adapted)）、自由绘画测验（Free Drawings）、改编版默瑞主题统觉测验（Murray's Thematic Apperception Test (adapted)）以及罗夏墨迹测验（Rorschach's Inkblot Test）。 默里研究档案馆（Murray Research Archive）藏有本项目霍皮族部分的部分数据。该档案馆存有所有霍皮族参与者（共190名，其中女童102名、男童88名）的田野工作者测试记录表副本。该记录表涵盖斯图尔特情绪反应测验、巴夫拉斯道德意识形态测验、皮亚杰他律道德测验以及游戏规则相关内容。默里研究档案馆还藏有部分母亲访谈转录稿、儿童填写的亲友家庭相关表格，以及劳拉·汤普森的部分观察记录。 霍皮族数据的剩余部分以及其他部落的数据，均存档于史密森尼学会（Smithsonian Institution）下属的国家人类学档案馆（National Anthropological Archives）。