Integrated research, education, and outreach related to the evolution and dynamics of the Arctic Ocean, 2014-2019

This project comprises an integrated research, education, and outreach program that implemented a tiered mentoring approach to provide experience in Arctic climate research for scholars from high school to postdoctoral level. The project generated opportunities for independent climate research appropriate to a range of student skillsets and interests. Education and outreach integrated with Yale University's Pathways to Science infrastructure: high school students (underrepresented minorities, and first generation in their families to attend college) were introduced to Arctic climate science through lectures and laboratory demonstrations, while graduate students received teaching and mentoring experience. Other outreach activities included an interdisciplinary, international workshop (Culture and Climate in the Arctic) on an integrated examination of Arctic anthropology, and past and contemporary Arctic climate, as well as tutorial presentations and development of laboratory demonstrations for the NSF Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) school for researchers new to the Arctic. The research explored Arctic Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics as they relate to sea ice and climate. A range of ocean processes (e.g., turbulence, convection, waves, ventilation) related to heat transport and storage in the Arctic Ocean deep basins (Canadian and Eurasian) were investigated. Analyses used Beaufort Gyre Observing System mooring and CTD data and Ice-Tethered Profiler CTD data, which are archived at this data center with the following citations: John Toole, Richard Krishfield, and Michael DeGrandpre. 2018. Ice-Tethered Profiler contribution to the Arctic Observing Network. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2VC60, version: urn:uuid:2bb716a2-35dc-400a-9c4a-9db9a7a03cb4. Andrey Proshutinsky, Mary-Louise Timmermans, John Toole, and Richard Krishfield. 2019. Continuing the Beaufort Gyre Observing System to document and enhance understanding environmental change in the Arctic, 2009-2018. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:19c12630-0dc1-401d-a0d8-aadf031f6ee4. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Hydrographic CCGS (Canadian Coast Guard Ship) Louis Stephen Saint Laurent Arctic cruise CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) and geochemistry, 2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2FB4WM00. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring D 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2K35MD44. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring B 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2PV6B67G. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2019. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring A 2017-2018. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2TH8BM9C. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring A 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A21N7XM6T. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2016. Hydrographic CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent Cruise CTD and Geochemistry Data 2015. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2154DN82. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring D 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2XD0QX2F. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Hydrographic CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent Cruise CTD and Geochemistry Data 2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2PC2T80F. Richard Krishfield and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2018. Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project - Mooring B 2016-2017. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2XS5JG5P. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2009. The Beaufort Gyre System: Flywheel of the Arctic Climate?. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:4cafe16b-b91b-4ea0-9cb0-6a8fb8eb4525. Mary-Louise Timmermans and Andrey Proshutinsky. 2015. Observing and characterizing submesoscale dynamics in the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Data Center. urn:uuid:67556c02-75c9-43df-9929-8152b5c26b51. Andrey Proshutinsky. 2009. Beaufort Gyre Observing System Data (BGOSD). Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2H016.本项目整合了研究、教育与科普外展计划，采用分层导师指导（tiered mentoring）模式，为从高中生至博士后阶段的科研人员提供北极气候研究实践经验。本项目针对不同学生的技能水平与兴趣方向，提供了适配的独立气候研究实践机会。本项目的教育与外展活动依托耶鲁大学（Yale University）的“科学之路（Pathways to Science）”平台开展：针对代表性不足的少数族裔及家庭第一代大学生群体的高中生，通过讲座与实验演示向其介绍北极气候科学；同时为研究生提供教学与导师指导实践机会。其余外展活动包括一场跨学科国际研讨会——“北极文化与气候（Culture and Climate in the Arctic）”，该研讨会综合探讨北极人类学、历史与当代北极气候；此外还为美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation, NSF）北极建模与观测综合论坛（Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis, FAMOS）面向北极研究新手开设的培训班提供教程演示与实验演示开发支持。本研究聚焦与海冰及气候相关的北极海洋动力学与热力学过程。研究针对北冰洋加拿大海盆与欧亚海盆内与热量输运及存储相关的一系列海洋过程展开探究，包括湍流、对流、海浪、水体通风等。本次分析使用了波弗特海流观测系统（Beaufort Gyre Observing System）锚系数据、温盐深（Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, CTD）数据以及冰系剖面仪（Ice-Tethered Profiler）温盐深数据，上述数据均存档于本数据中心，引用信息如下：1. 约翰·图尔（John Toole）、理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与迈克尔·德格兰德普雷（Michael DeGrandpre）. 2018. 冰系剖面仪对北极观测网的贡献. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2VC60，版本：urn:uuid:2bb716a2-35dc-400a-9c4a-9db9a7a03cb4.2. 安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）、玛丽-路易丝·蒂默曼斯（Mary-Louise Timmermans）、约翰·图尔（John Toole）与理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）. 2019. 延续波弗特海流观测系统以记录并加深对北极环境变化的认知，2009-2018. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. urn:uuid:19c12630-0dc1-401d-a0d8-aadf031f6ee4.3. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2019. 2018年加拿大海岸警卫队船（Canadian Coast Guard Ship, CCGS）路易·斯蒂芬·圣洛朗号极地科考航次的温盐深与地球化学水文数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2FB4WM00.4. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2019. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2017-2018年D号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2K35MD44.5. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2019. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2017-2018年B号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2PV6B67G.6. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2019. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2017-2018年A号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2TH8BM9C.7. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2018. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2016-2017年A号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A21N7XM6T.8. 安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2016. 2015年加拿大海岸警卫队船（Canadian Coast Guard Ship, CCGS）路易·S·圣洛朗号科考航次的温盐深与地球化学水文数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2154DN82.9. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2018. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2016-2017年D号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2XD0QX2F.10. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2018. 2017年加拿大海岸警卫队船（Canadian Coast Guard Ship, CCGS）路易·S·圣洛朗号科考航次的温盐深与地球化学水文数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2PC2T80F.11. 理查德·克里希菲尔德（Richard Krishfield）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2018. 波弗特海流勘探项目——2016-2017年B号锚系数据. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2XS5JG5P.12. 安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2009. 波弗特海流系统：北极气候的飞轮？. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. urn:uuid:4cafe16b-b91b-4ea0-9cb0-6a8fb8eb4525.13. 玛丽-路易丝·蒂默曼斯（Mary-Louise Timmermans）与安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2015. 北极海洋次中尺度动力学的观测与特征描述. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. urn:uuid:67556c02-75c9-43df-9929-8152b5c26b51.14. 安德烈·普鲁申斯基（Andrey Proshutinsky）. 2009. 波弗特海流观测系统数据（BGOSD）. 北极数据中心（Arctic Data Center）. doi:10.18739/A2H016.