Coproduction Between Government and Civil Society to Establish Smart Cities in the State of Pará

Abstract This article discusses the environment around the process of adopting the concept of smart cities in the State of Pará (Brazil), based on the coproduction of public services involving civil society and government. The study presents a case study of coproduction focusing on the rural area, characterized by the partnership between a civil society organization and public agencies from the state, and local governments to enable specialized medical care. The article also shows the results of a survey about coproduction, focused on the urban area, seeking to identify the feasibility to implement a data sharing service, using the Wi-Fi of individuals and households in areas where the local government has difficulties in offering public services. The use of this shared infrastructure would allow coproducing public services, including preventive telemedicine services in the neighborhoods around the Metropolitan Region of Belém. The survey was based on the following question: To what extent are citizens and civil society organizations willing to form partnerships to coproduce with the government?. The results of this article show that citizens and civil society organizations are willing to coproduce with governments and explore the conditions for these partnerships to happen. Also, the article shows that coproduction involving technological infrastructure and solutions may be a start to discussing and establishing smart cities in the state of Pará.摘要 本文探讨了巴西帕拉州（State of Pará）引入智慧城市（Smart Cities）理念进程中的相关环境，研究基于涵盖公民社会与政府的公共服务协同共创（Coproduction）模式展开。本研究首先开展了针对农村地区的协同共创案例研究，该案例的核心为某公民社会组织与州属公共机构及地方政府建立合作关系，以提供专科医疗服务。同时，本文呈现了针对城区开展的协同共创调研结果：该调研旨在评估在地方政府难以提供公共服务的区域，利用个人及家庭Wi-Fi资源搭建数据共享服务的可行性。该共享基础设施的应用，可助力开展公共服务协同共创，包括在贝伦都会区周边社区提供预防性远程医疗服务。本次调研的核心问题为：“公民与公民社会组织愿意在多大程度上与政府建立合作关系以开展公共服务协同共创？” 研究结果表明，公民与公民社会组织愿意与政府开展协同共创，并愿意探索促成此类合作关系落地的相关条件。此外，本文还指出，涵盖技术基础设施与技术方案的协同共创模式，可作为帕拉州探讨并推进智慧城市建设的切入点。