Anti-predator defenses are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs

Predator-prey interactions have been suggested as drivers of diversity in different lineages, and the presence of anti-predator defences in some clades is linked to higher rates of diversification. Warning signals are some of the most widespread defenses in the animal world, and there is evidence of higher diversification rates in aposematic lineages. The mechanisms behind such species richness, however, are still unclear. Here, we test whether lineages that use aposematism as anti-predator defense exhibit higher levels of genetic differentiation between populations, leading to increased opportunities for divergence. We collated from the literature > 3,000 pairwise genetic differentiation values across more than 700 populations from over 60 amphibian species. We find evidence that, given the same geographic distance, populations of species of aposematic lineages exhibit greater genetic divergence relative to species that are not aposematic. Our results support a scenario where the us..., Data was collected from publications as described in the manuscript. It was processed using R but raw values can be found in the original publications used. , , # Anti-predator defenses are linked with high levels of genetic differentiation in frogs Dataset from literature collection of genetic divergence values (Fst) and geographic distances. Geographic distances were calculated from location coordinates using the topodist package, meaning they are topographic distances. ## Description of the data and file structure Each row in the dataset corresponds to a comparison between two populations of the same species. Each row has information of the species used for comparisons, the geographic distance between populations, the marker used to estimate genetic differentiations and the genetic differentiation calculated as an Fst value. We also include information on the average sample size for each study. ## Sharing/Access information Data was derived from the sources listed in Ref-species file.捕食者-猎物相互作用被认为是驱动不同类群多样性形成的核心因素，而部分支系所具备的反捕食防御策略，与其更高的物种多样化速率存在显著关联。警戒信号是动物界中分布最为广泛的防御策略之一，现有研究证据显示，具有警戒色（aposematic）的类群拥有更高的多样化速率。然而，此类物种丰富度背后的潜在机制仍尚未阐明。本研究旨在检验：以警戒色作为反捕食防御手段的类群，其种群间遗传分化水平是否更高，进而为物种分化提供更多潜在契机。我们从已发表的学术文献中整理得到了覆盖超过60种两栖类、700余个种群的3000余对遗传分化数据。研究发现，在地理距离一致的前提下，具有警戒色类群的物种种群间遗传分化程度显著高于非警戒色类群。我们的研究结果支持这样一种情境：[原文内容未完整呈现]。数据按照手稿中所述的方式从已发表文献中采集，数据处理过程使用R语言完成，原始数据可在本研究所用的原始文献中获取。 # 蛙类的反捕食防御与高水平种群遗传分化相关 本数据集来源于文献收集的遗传分化值（Fst）与地理距离数据。地理距离通过种群地理位置坐标，使用topodist软件包计算得到，因此为地形距离。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 本数据集的每一行对应同一物种两个种群间的遗传分化比对。每一行包含以下信息：用于比对的物种种群信息、种群间的地理距离、用于估算遗传分化的分子标记类型，以及以Fst值表示的遗传分化结果。此外，本数据集还提供了每项研究的平均样本量信息。 ## 数据共享与获取说明 本数据集来源于参考文献文件（Ref-species）中列出的原始文献。