Data from: Sympatric parallel diversification of major oak clades in the Americas and the origins of Mexican species diversity

Oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae) are the dominant tree genus of North America in species number and biomass, and Mexico is a global center of oak diversity. Understanding the origins of oak diversity is key to understanding biodiversity of northern temperate forests. A phylogenetic study of biogeography, niche evolution and diversification patterns in Quercus was performed using 300 samples, 146 species. Next-generation sequencing data were generated using the restriction-site associated DNA (RAD-seq) method. A time-calibrated maximum likelihood phylogeny was inferred and analyzed with bioclimatic, soils, and leaf habit data to reconstruct the biogeographic and evolutionary history of the American oaks. Our highly resolved phylogeny demonstrates sympatric parallel diversification in climatic niche, leaf habit, and diversification rates. The two major American oak clades arose in what is now the boreal zone and radiated, in parallel, from eastern North America into Mexico and Central America. Oaks adapted rapidly to niche transitions. The Mexican oaks are particularly numerous, not because Mexico is a center of origin, but because of high rates of lineage diversification associated with high rates of evolution along moisture gradients and between the evergreen and deciduous leaf habits. Sympatric parallel diversification in the oaks has shaped the diversity of North American forests.橡树（栎属 Quercus，壳斗科 Fagaceae）在物种数量与生物量层面均为北美优势乔木类群，墨西哥则是全球栎属多样性的热点中心。解析栎属多样性的起源，是理解北温带森林生物多样性的关键所在。 本研究以300份样本、涵盖146个栎属物种，开展了针对栎属生物地理学、生态位演化与物种分化模式的系统发育研究。实验采用限制性酶切位点关联DNA测序（restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, RAD-seq）技术生成二代测序数据。研究构建了时间校准的最大似然系统发育树，并结合生物气候、土壤及叶片习性数据进行分析，以重建美洲栎属的生物地理与演化历史。 本研究获得的高分辨率系统发育树表明，栎属在气候生态位、叶片习性及物种分化速率上均存在同域平行分化现象。美洲两大主要栎类演化支起源于现今的寒温带区域，并从北美东部向墨西哥及中美洲发生平行辐射演化。 栎属植物可快速适应生态位转变。墨西哥栎类物种数量格外丰富，并非因该国是栎属的起源中心，而是由于其伴随沿湿度梯度及常绿与落叶叶片习性间的快速演化过程，产生了极高的世系分化速率。栎属的同域平行分化塑造了北美森林的多样性格局。